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Releasing

Notes for hledger release managers and maintainers.

Goals

2022

  • Update/consolidate release process docs
  • Establish routine monthly release cadence
  • Make releasing easy

Release types

Major release
A.B		 Bugfix release
A.B.C		 Fixup release
A.B.C.D		 Preview release
A.B.99.D
Contains: New features, breaking changes Only bug fixes Trivial packaging fixes, no software changes Early snapshot of the next major release
When: Third month of quarter: March, June, September, December When needed Never First & second months of quarter
Deliverables:
Changelogs ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Github release ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Binaries ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Hackage release ✓ ✓ ✓
Install page ✓ ✓ ✓
hledger-install ✓ ✓ ✓
Regression bounty ✓ ✓ ✓
Release notes ✓ ✓
Web manuals ✓
Announcements ✓

hledger major releases happen in the third month of each quarter, normally at or close to the start of the month. Preview releases happen in the other months, if needed. Here's the ideal release schedule:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Jan 1: preview 1 Apr 1: preview 1 Jul 1: preview 1 Oct 1: preview 1
Feb 1: preview 2 May 1: preview 2 Aug 1: preview 2 Nov 1: preview 2
Mar 1: major Jun 1: major Sep 1: major Dec 1: major

Glossary

Here are some definitions, useful eg when executing or automating release procedures.
General concepts
release A snapshot of the software and related artifacts like executable binaries, which is named, tagged, documented, announced, and usually picked up by packaging systems on various platforms.
version control system, VCS A tool used for storing and sharing and viewing the history and different lines of development of a software project, or other set of files. hledger uses Git.
repository, repo A set of files being stored and managed by a VCS. Often published on a repository hosting service, such as Github.
working copy, clone A local copy of a repository's files. Typically each developer has one or more of these, and can share changes easily with the official public repository.
branch Some VCS's, including Git, can store multiple branching lines of development within one repository. A working copy can be quickly switched to a different branch to show its content.
master, main The main branch in a repo, usually named master or main. Pull requests are usually relative to this.
pull request, PR A request to merge a development branch with master, and any related discussion. On Github, these are kept alongside issues in the issue tracker.
continuous integration, CI Automated actions that run when new code is pushed to a shared repo, such as running tests or producing binaries. On Github this is called Github Actions and action scripts are called workflows.
hledger concepts
package A releasable unit of Haskell software. hledger has several core packages usually released together: hledger-lib, hledger, hledger-ui, hledger-web.
hledger version number A 2-4 part dotted number naming a hledger release or hledger package version: MA.JOR[.MINOR[.FIXUP]] or MA.JOR.99[.PREVIEW] where 99 means "unreleased (MAJOR+1)". See examples below.
hledger version string A line of text describing a hledger binary, shown by --version. It contains program name, version number, commit hash and date, machine architecture etc. Eg: hledger 1.24.1-g7799d526b-20211210, mac-x86_64
Complete, partial, mixed releases A release of all the core hledger packages (hledger-lib, hledger, hledger-ui, hledger-web) is called complete. A release of only some of the core packages is called partial. A release where some packages have different versions (because of a previous partial release) is called mixed. Major and preview releases are always complete, bugfix and fixup releases can be partial and/or mixed.
changelog A CHANGES.md file listing the release history and the changes in each release. There is one for each hledger package and one for the hledger project as a whole.
release notes The Release Notes page on the hledger website: the combined release history of the core hledger packages, showing user visible changes only.
hledger release/build types
Major release Major releases include new features and incompatible API changes, and normally happen at the start of each quarter's third month (3/1, 6/1, 9/1, 12/1). Example version number: 1.25
Bugfix release Bugfix releases include only bug fixes, without API changes. These happen when needed, to fix significant bugs in the previous major release. Example version number: 1.25.2 ("second bugfix release for 1.25")
Fixup release Fixup releases fix packaging errors, with no changes to the hledger software. These should be rare. Example version number: 1.25.0.1 or 1.25.2.1 ("first fixup release for 1.25 / 1.25.2")
Preview release A preview of the upcoming major release for testers/early adopters, and a test of the release process, published on Github. Not a formal hledger release, eg not published on Hackage, usually not packaged, no bugfix releases, no regression bounties, not shown in release notes. These typically appear in the quarter's first and second month if needed. Example version number: 1.25.99.1 ("preview 1 of 1.26")
CI binaries Temporary downloadable binaries produced by a run of the linux/mac/windows workflows in the hledger repo. This may happen periodically, eg weekly. Downloading requires a Github login.
Dev build A local developer build of unreleased code. This is typically in master or a development/PR branch. Example version number: 1.25.99 ("unreleased 1.26-dev")
hledger repos and branches
hledger repo The hledger git repository, containing the hledger software, reference manuals, and developer docs. https://github.com/simonmichael/hledger
site repo The hledger_website git repository, containing most of the hledger website which appears at https://hledger.org. Usually checked out under the hledger repo as site/. https://github.com/simonmichael/hledger_website
master The branch named master in the hledger repo; the main line of hledger development. Pull requests are usually relative to this.
release branch Branches named MA.JOR-branch in the hledger repo, eg 1.25-branch. Releases and release previews are always made from a release branch.

Activities

Release manager activities/responsibilities include:

  • Software - selecting changes, packages, release dates; coordinating contributions; ensuring release readiness
  • Branch Management - coordinating main and release branch, local and remote repos, CI branches
  • Version Bumping - choosing and applying new version numbers and related things like tags, github releases, urls, ghc and dep versions, stackage resolvers, everywhere needed
  • Docs - command help, manuals, changelogs, release notes, github release notes, install page, install scripts, announcements, process docs
  • Testing - local testing, CI testing, extra release-specific testing
  • Artifacts - generating binaries, zip files, github releases etc.
  • Publishing - uploading, pushing, making visible, finalising
  • Announcing - various announcement stages and channels

These have complex interdependencies and sequencing constraints. Chunk, separate, routinise, document and automate them as far as possible.

General tips

  • Update changelogs early and often, eg during/after a PR, to spread the work. See also CHANGELOGS.
  • Release (or practice releasing) often.
  • Follow RELEASING.md's procedures if helpful. Update a copy (RELEASING2.md) while releasing.
  • The release process continually evolves. Don't document procedures in too much detail / prematurely.
  • Make things a little better each time through: simpler, more reliable, better documented, more automated, easier, faster, cheaper, higher quality.
  • Make releases from a release branch, not from master. Use the tools/release script.
  • Before publishing a github release: prepare binaries, release notes, announcements, and tag.
  • Before tagging: make binaries for all platforms, from the same commit.
  • Before making binaries: do all possible pre-tagging steps and try to get everything finalised. (Binaries' --version shows their git hash, and this should match the release tag.)

Procedures

Do a release

Check release readiness

  • master's changelogs are up to date (see CHANGELOGS)
  • master or release branch is ready for release
    • clean and synced working copy
    • no pending release-blocking issues/prs
    • tests pass
  • Shake is up to date
    • uses same resolver as stack.yaml
    • uses any required workarounds in stack.yaml
    • binary is up to date (./Shake.hs)
    • commit any changes (msg: tools: shake)
  • appropriate timing, release manager availability

Make release notes

In site repo:

  • update src/release-notes.md
    • copy template, uncomment
    • replace date
    • replace XX with NEW
    • add new changelog sections, excluding hledger-lib
    • remove any empty sections
    • add contributors, git shortlog -sn OLD..NEW
    • add summary (major release) or remove it (bugfix release)
    • check preview in vs code
    • commit: relnotes: NEW

Prepare release branch

  • PAUSE=1 ECHO=1 tools/release prep MA.JOR[.99.PREVIEWNUM] (eg 1.24.99.1 for 1.25 preview 1) (XXX seems to go wrong without PAUSE`)
  • cherry pick changes from master
    • list changes in three side-by-side magit windows
        1. NEW IN MASTER: l o MAJORVER-branch..master, M-x magit-toggle-buffer-lock, M-x toggle-window-dedicated (C-c D)
        1. HEAD: regular magit status view
        1. RELEASE BRANCH: l o MAJORVER-branch, M-x magit-toggle-buffer-lock, M-x toggle-window-dedicated
    • in master window, working from bottom upward, cherry-pick all non-conflicting changes
      • skip changes already in release branch
      • skip changelog, command help, and manuals updates
  • ./Shake cmdhelp -c
  • ./Shake manuals -c
  • update release changelogs (see CHANGELOGS)
  • release branch testing
    • stack build --test
    • make functest
    • stack exec -- hledger --version, check version
    • stack exec -- hledger help | tail, check version & date

Make new manuals

In site repo:

  • js/site.js: add NEW, update currentrelease
  • Makefile: add NEW, two places
  • make snapshot-NEW (after ensuring main repo has been release-tagged)
  • commit: current, makefile, site.js: NEW
  • push

Update hledger-install

  • update hledger-install/hledger-install.sh
    • HLEDGER_INSTALL_VERSION
    • RESOLVER
    • HLEDGER_*_VERSION
    • EXTRA_DEPS
  • test ? cd; bash ~/src/hledger/hledger-install/hledger-install.sh
  • commit: install: NEW

Update install page

In site repo:

  • update install.md
    • query-replace OLD -> NEW in
      • "current hledger release"
      • CI binaries badges/links, including linux-static-arm32v7 if built
      • "building from source"
      • stack install command
      • cabal install command
    • query-replace OLD-brightgreen -> OLD-red
    • only after release binaries are built (preferably after release is published): update --version outputs (search: hledger --version)
    • final output line from hledger test (run in terminal for normal speed)
    • Total count from make functest
    • commit: download: NEW

Make announcement

In release branch:

  • update doc/ANNOUNCE (major release)
    • summary, contributors from release notes
    • any other edits
    • commit: ;doc: announce

Tag the release

  • make tag

Make release binaries

  • tools/release bin
  • get all platforms built on the same commit
  • download binary artifact zip files

Make github release

Announce release

  • pause; take a break afk; check time and energy
  • push main repo
  • push site repo
  • deploy site changes On hledger.org:
    • in /etc/caddy/hledger.org:
      • @oldmanpath: add path for NEW
      • @unversionedmanpath: update to NEW
      • systemctl reload caddy
    • in main repo, ./Shake webmanuals to update dev manuals
    • in site repo, make
    • things to try if site doesn't seem to update ?
      • make clean all
      • purge cloudflare cache
      • browsers might still require shift-reload for a while to see new manuals (safari)
  • share release notes link and markdown content in #hledger chat
  • send ANNOUNCE as email announcement
  • condense & tweet at https://twitter.com/simonkwmichael
  • update last release date on plaintextaccounting.org

Cherry-pick release branch to master

  • switch back to master
  • update master changelogs, merging final release changelog entries (see CHANGELOGS)
  • cherry-pick other useful changes, such as ;doc: ANNOUNCE
  • after a major release: bump master to new dev version (./Shake setversion -c A.B.99)

Do post-release followup

  • monitor packaging status, update install page
    • docker - expect/merge PR
    • homebrew - expect badge to update soon
    • nix - expect make nix-hledger-version to update after a few days, find and update to that commit hash
    • linux distros - once in a while, follow the links & search for newer versions, update
  • provide support, monitor issues
  • prepare followup releases if needed
  • update process docs and tools

Update packaging

Update homebrew formula

  1. ref

    1. helpers: chenrui & stack issue commenters on github, Athas on #haskell

    2. https://docs.brew.sh/How-To-Open-a-Homebrew-Pull-Request

    3. doc

      If a URL is specified, the SHA-256 checksum of the new download should also be specified. A best effort to determine the SHA-256 and formula name will be made if either or both values are not supplied by the user.

      If a tag is specified, the Git commit revision corresponding to that tag must also be specified.

      Note: this command cannot be used to transition a formula from a URL-and-SHA-256 style specification into a tag-and-revision style specifi- cation, nor vice versa. It must use whichever style specification the for- mula already uses.

  2. update homebrew working copy

    1. cd ~/src/DEVTOOLS/homebrew-core

    2. git reset --hard HEAD~1 && git fetch origin && git merge origin/master && git push -f

  3. get release tarball checksums

    export V=X.Y; for P in -lib "" -ui -web; do curl -sO https://hackage.haskell.org/package/hledger$P-$V/hledger$P-$V.tar.gz; done && shasum -a256 *.gz

  4. update Formula/hledger.rb

    1. update tarball urls, shas

    2. update other version references

    3. maybe update stackage snapshot

    4. possible new process, see: https://docs.brew.sh/How-To-Open-a-Homebrew-Pull-Request#create-your-pull-request-from-a-new-branch

    5. test (if possible without too many mac/brew hassles)

      1. brew audit --strict Formula/hledger.rb # some tests are post-install, try also after brew upgrade

      2. brew upgrade Formula/hledger.rb -s -n -v # [scrub download cache, dry run, verbose]

        1. super slow, how to speed up ?

          1. comment out stack update

          2. add , "--stack-root=/Users/simon/.stack" to stack install # fails on permissions

      3. brew test Formula/hledger.rb

    6. commit with name "hledger X.Y" and description "Update to hledger X.Y."

  5. get merged

    1. git push -f simonmichael

    2. gh pr create -f

    3. monitor: PR CI, PR merge, https://formulae.brew.sh/formula/hledger page

    4. ping brew contributors/maintainers if necessary: @chenrui, @carlocab, @SMillerDev

Update nix install command

  1. Wait for the new hledger version to land in nixpkgs

    1. make nix-hledger-version

  2. Find the nixpkgs haskell-packages commit post-dating the hledger release:

    1. make nix-view-commits # https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/commits/master/pkgs/development/haskell-modules/hackage-packages.nix

  3. Test the nix-env install command with that commit hash

    1. if it fails with "SSL peer certificate or SSH remote key was not OK"

      1. . Users/simon.nix-profile/etc/profile.d/nix.sh

      2. or re-install:

        1. curl -sO https://nixos.org/nix/install

        2. less install

        3. sh install

        4. . Users/simon.nix-profile/etc/profile.d/nix.sh

    2. on linux

    3. on mac

Update stackage

  1. update https://github.com/fpco/stackage/blob/master/build-constraints.yaml if needed

  2. monitor for new package versions in nightly: check https://www.stackage.org/package/hledger