swc/ARCHITECTURE.md
2021-07-24 13:37:47 +09:00

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# swc architecture
This document gives a high level overview of swc internals. You may find it useful if you want to contribute to swc or if you are interested in the inner workings of swc.
## Macros
See [blog post about swc macros](https://swc.rs/blog/2020/01/04/pmutil#macros-built-with-pmutil).
swc uses proc macro extensively to reduce work. Please see links below to know what each macro do.
- [enum_kind][]
- [string_enum][]
- [ast_node][]
And some adhoc-macros are used.
- [parser_macros][]
- [codegen_macros][]
These macro breaks macro hygiene.
## Structure
### `/atoms`
Handle string interning for the swc project. The crate depends on [string_cache](https://github.com/servo/string-cache) from servo.
### `/common`
Contains code related to span, hygiene and error reporting.
Also, it contains / re-exports codes for visitor pattern. `Visit<T>` is non-mutating visitor, while `Fold<T>` is a mutating visitor.
### `/ecmascript/ast`
Contains ast nodes for javascript and typescript.
### `/ecmascript/codegen`
Converts javascript ast into javascript code.
### `/ecmascript/parser`
Parses javascript and typescript
### `/ecmascript/transforms`
Theres are three core transforms named `resolver`, `hygiene`, `fixer`. Other transforms depends on them.
#### `/ecmascript/transforms/src/resolver`
This pass resolves and marks all identifiers in the file.
e.g.
```js
let a = 1;
{
let a = 1;
}
```
becomes
```js
let a#0 = 1;
{
let a#1 = 1;
}
```
where number after `#` denotes the hygiene id. If two identifiers have same symbol but different hygiene id, it's different.
#### `/ecmascript/transforms/src/hygiene`
Hygiene pass actually changes symbol of identifiers with same symbol but different hygiene id.
```js
let a#0 = 1;
{
let a#1 = 2;
}
```
becomes
```js
let a = 1;
{
let a1 = 2;
}
```
#### `/ecmascript/transforms/src/fixer`
Fixes borken ast. This allow us to simply fold types like `BinExpr` without caring about operator precedence.
It means,
```rust
let v = BinExpr {
left: "1 + 2",
op: "*",
right: "3",
};
```
(other passes generates ast like this)
is converted into
```rust
let v = BinExpr {
left: "(1 + 2)",
op: "*",
right: "3",
};
```
and printed as
```js
(1 + 2) * 3;
```
#### `/ecmascript/transforms/src/compat`
Contains codes related to converting new generation javascript codes for old browsers.
#### `/ecmascript/transforms/src/modules`
Contains code related to transforming es6 modules to other modules.
#### `/ecmascript/transforms/src/optimization`
Contains code related to making code faster on runtime. Currently only small set of optimization is implemented.
## Tests
swc uses [official ecmascript conformance test suite called test262][test262] for testing.
Parser tests ensures that parsed result of test262/pass is identical with test262/pass-explicit.
Codegen tests ensures that generated code is equivalent to goldened reference files located at [tests/references](ecmascript/codegen/tests/references).
[enum_kind]: https://rustdoc.swc.rs/enum_kind/derive.Kind.html
[string_enum]: https://rustdoc.swc.rs/string_enum/derive.StringEnum.html
[ast_node]: https://rustdoc.swc.rs/ast_node/index.html
[parser_macros]: https://rustdoc.swc.rs/swc_ecma_parser_macros/index.html
[codegen_macros]: https://rustdoc.swc.rs/swc_ecma_codegen_macros/index.html
[test262]: https://github.com/tc39/test262