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285 lines
9.2 KiB
Markdown
285 lines
9.2 KiB
Markdown
!!! note
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*multiplexing is still a young feature and is evolving rapidly. Your feedback is welcomed!*
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## Multiplexing
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The out-of-the-box experience with `wezterm` allows you to multiplex local tabs
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and windows which will persist until they are closed. With a little extra
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configuration you can enable local terminal multiplexing with features similar
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to those in [tmux](https://github.com/tmux/tmux/wiki) or [screen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_Screen).
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Multiplexing in `wezterm` is based around the concept of *multiplexing domains*;
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a domain is a distinct set of windows and tabs. When wezterm starts up it
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creates a default *local domain* to manage the windows and tabs in the UI, but it
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can also be configured to start or connect to additional domains.
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Once connected to a domain, `wezterm` can attach its windows and tabs to the
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local native UI, providing a more natural experience for interacting with
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the mouse, clipboard and scrollback features of the terminal.
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Key bindings allow you to spawn new tabs in the default local domain,
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the domain of the current tab, or a specific numbered domain.
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## SSH Domains
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*wezterm also supports [regular ad-hoc ssh connections](ssh.md).
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This section of the docs refers to running a wezterm daemon on the remote end
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of a multiplexing session that uses ssh as a channel*
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A connection to a remote wezterm multiplexer made via an ssh connection is
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referred to as an *SSH domain*. **A compatible version of wezterm must be
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installed on the remote system in order to use SSH domains**.
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SSH domains are supported on all systems via libssh2.
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To configure an SSH domain, place something like the following in
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your `.wezterm.lua` file:
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```lua
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config.ssh_domains = {
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{
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-- This name identifies the domain
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name = 'my.server',
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-- The hostname or address to connect to. Will be used to match settings
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-- from your ssh config file
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remote_address = '192.168.1.1',
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-- The username to use on the remote host
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username = 'wez',
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},
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}
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```
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[See SshDomain](config/lua/SshDomain.md) for more information on possible
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settings to use with SSH domains.
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To connect to the system, run:
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```console
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$ wezterm connect my.server
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```
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This will launch an SSH session that connects to the specified address
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and may pop up authentication dialogs (using SSH keys for auth is
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strongly recommended!). Once connected, it will attempt to spawn
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the wezterm multiplexer daemon on the remote host and connect to
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it via a unix domain socket using a similar mechanism to that
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described in the *Unix Domains* section below.
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{{since('20230408-112425-69ae8472')}}
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Ssh_domains now auto-populate from your `~/.ssh/config` file. Each populated host will have both a plain SSH and a multiplexing SSH domain. Plain SSH hosts are defined with a `SSH:` prefix to their name and multiplexing hosts are defined with a prefix `SSHMUX:`. For example, to connect to a host named `my.server` in your `~/.ssh/config` using a multiplexing domain, run:
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```console
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$ wezterm connect SSHMUX:my.server
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# or to spawn into a new tab in an existing wezterm gui instance:
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$ wezterm cli spawn --domain-name SSHMUX:my.server
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```
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To customize this functionality, see the example for [wezterm.default_ssh_domains()](config/lua/wezterm/default_ssh_domains.md)
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## Unix Domains
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A connection to a multiplexer made via a unix socket is referred to
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as a *unix domain*. Unix domains are supported on all systems,
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[even Windows](https://devblogs.microsoft.com/commandline/af_unix-comes-to-windows/)
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and are a way to connect the native win32 GUI into the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL).
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The bare minimum configuration to enable a unix domain is this, which will
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spawn a server if needed and then connect the gui to it automatically
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when wezterm is launched:
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```lua
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config.unix_domains = {
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{
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name = 'unix',
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},
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}
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-- This causes `wezterm` to act as though it was started as
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-- `wezterm connect unix` by default, connecting to the unix
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-- domain on startup.
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-- If you prefer to connect manually, leave out this line.
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config.default_gui_startup_args = { 'connect', 'unix' }
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```
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If you prefer to connect manually, omit the `default_gui_startup_args` setting
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and then run:
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```console
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$ wezterm connect unix
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```
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Note that in earlier versions of wezterm, a `connect_automatically` domain
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option was shown as the way to connect on startup. Using
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`default_gui_startup_args` is recommended instead as it works more reliably.
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The possible configuration values are:
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```lua
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config.unix_domains = {
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{
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-- The name; must be unique amongst all domains
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name = 'unix',
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-- The path to the socket. If unspecified, a resonable default
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-- value will be computed.
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-- socket_path = "/some/path",
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-- If true, do not attempt to start this server if we try and fail to
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-- connect to it.
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-- no_serve_automatically = false,
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-- If true, bypass checking for secure ownership of the
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-- socket_path. This is not recommended on a multi-user
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-- system, but is useful for example when running the
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-- server inside a WSL container but with the socket
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-- on the host NTFS volume.
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-- skip_permissions_check = false,
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},
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}
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```
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{{since('20220101-133340-7edc5b5a')}}
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It is now possible to specify a `proxy_command` that will be used
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in place of making a direct unix connection. When `proxy_command`
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is specified, it will be used instead of the optional `socket_path`.
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This example shows a redundant use of `nc` (netcat) to connect to
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the unix socket path on my mac. This isn't useful on its own,
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but may help with the WSL 2 issue mentioned below when translated
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to an appropriate invocation of netcat/socat on Windows:
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```lua
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config.unix_domains = {
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{
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name = 'unix',
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proxy_command = { 'nc', '-U', '/Users/wez/.local/share/wezterm/sock' },
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},
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}
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```
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{{since('20220319-142410-0fcdea07')}}
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You may now specify the round-trip latency threshold for enabling predictive
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local echo using `local_echo_threshold_ms`. If the measured round-trip latency
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between the wezterm client and the server exceeds the specified threshold, the
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client will attempt to predict the server's response to key events and echo the
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result of that prediction locally without waiting, hence hiding latency to the
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user. This option only applies when `multiplexing = "WezTerm"`.
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```lua
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config.unix_domains = {
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{
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name = 'unix',
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local_echo_threshold_ms = 10,
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},
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}
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```
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### Connecting into Windows Subsystem for Linux
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*Note: this only works with WSL 1. [WSL 2 doesn't support AF_UNIX interop](https://github.com/microsoft/WSL/issues/5961)*
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Inside your WSL instance, configure `.wezterm.lua` with this snippet:
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```lua
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config.unix_domains = {
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{
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name = 'wsl',
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-- Override the default path to match the default on the host win32
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-- filesystem. This will allow the host to connect into the WSL
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-- container.
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socket_path = '/mnt/c/Users/USERNAME/.local/share/wezterm/sock',
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-- NTFS permissions will always be "wrong", so skip that check
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skip_permissions_check = true,
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},
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}
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```
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In the host win32 configuration, use this snippet:
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```lua
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config.unix_domains = {
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{
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name = 'wsl',
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serve_command = { 'wsl', 'wezterm-mux-server', '--daemonize' },
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},
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}
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config.default_gui_startup_args = { 'connect', 'wsl' }
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```
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Now when you start wezterm you'll be presented with a WSL tab.
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You can also omit `default_gui_startup_args` and use:
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```console
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$ wezterm connect wsl
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```
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to manually connect into your WSL instance.
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## TLS Domains
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A connection to a multiplexer made via a [TLS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_Layer_Security)
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encrypted TCP connection is referred to as a *TLS Domain*.
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Starting with version `20200202-180558-2489abf9`, wezterm can bootstrap a TLS
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session by performing an initial connection via SSH to start the wezterm
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multiplexer on the remote host and securely obtain a key. Once bootstrapped,
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the client will use a TLS protected TCP connection to communicate with the
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server.
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### Configuring the client
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For each server that you wish to connect to, add a client section like this:
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```lua
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config.tls_clients = {
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{
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-- A handy alias for this session; you will use `wezterm connect server.name`
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-- to connect to it.
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name = 'server.name',
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-- The host:port for the remote host
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remote_address = 'server.hostname:8080',
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-- The value can be "user@host:port"; it accepts the same syntax as the
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-- `wezterm ssh` subcommand.
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bootstrap_via_ssh = 'server.hostname',
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},
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}
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```
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[See TlsDomainClient](config/lua/TlsDomainClient.md) for more information on possible
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settings.
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### Configuring the server
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```lua
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config.tls_servers = {
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{
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-- The host:port combination on which the server will listen
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-- for connections
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bind_address = 'server.hostname:8080',
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},
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}
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```
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[See TlsDomainServer](config/lua/TlsDomainServer.md) for more information on possible
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settings.
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### Connecting
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On the client, running this will connect to the server, start up
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the multiplexer and obtain a certificate for the TLS connection.
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A connection window will show the progress and may prompt you for
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SSH authentication. Once the connection has been initiated, wezterm
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will automatically reconnect using the certificate it obtained during
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bootstrapping if your connection was interrupted and resume your
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remote terminal session
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```console
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$ wezterm connect server.name
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```
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