By default, the `playwright` NPM package automatically downloads browser executables during installation. The `playwright-core` NPM package can be used to skip automatic downloads.
Returns a list of devices to be used with [`browser.newContext([options])`](#browsernewcontextoptions) or [`browser.newPage([options])`](#browsernewpageoptions). Actual list of devices can be found in [src/deviceDescriptors.ts](https://github.com/Microsoft/playwright/blob/master/src/deviceDescriptors.ts).
Playwright methods might throw errors if they are unable to fulfill a request. For example, [page.waitForSelector(selector[, options])](#pagewaitforselectorselector-options)
A Browser is created when Playwright connects to a browser instance, either through [`browserType.launch`](#browsertypelaunchoptions) or [`browserType.connect`](#browsertypeconnectoptions).
See [ChromiumBrowser], [FirefoxBrowser] and [WebKitBrowser] for browser-specific features. Note that [browserType.connect(options)](#browsertypeconnectoptions) and [browserType.launch([options])](#browsertypelaunchoptions) always return a specific browser instance, based on the browser being connected to or launched.
In case this browser is obtained using [browserType.connect](#browsertypeconnectoptions), clears all created contexts belonging to this browser and disconnects from the browser server.
-`deviceScaleFactor`<[number]> Specify device scale factor (can be thought of as dpr). Defaults to `1`.
-`isMobile`<[boolean]> Whether the `meta viewport` tag is taken into account and touch events are enabled. Defaults to `false`. Not supported in Firefox.
-`hasTouch`<[boolean]> Specifies if viewport supports touch events. Defaults to false.
-`timezoneId`<[string]> Changes the timezone of the context. See [ICU’s `metaZones.txt`](https://cs.chromium.org/chromium/src/third_party/icu/source/data/misc/metaZones.txt?rcl=faee8bc70570192d82d2978a71e2a615788597d1) for a list of supported timezone IDs.
-`accuracy`<[number]> Non-negative accuracy value. Defaults to `0`.
-`locale`<[string]> Specify user locale, for example `en-GB`, `de-DE`, etc. Locale will affect `navigator.language` value, `Accept-Language` request header value as well as number and date formatting rules.
-`permissions`<[Array]<[string]>> A list of permissions to grant to all pages in this context. See [browserContext.grantPermissions](#browsercontextgrantpermissionspermissions-options) for more details.
-`extraHTTPHeaders`<[Object]<[string], [string]>> An object containing additional HTTP headers to be sent with every request. All header values must be strings.
-`colorScheme`<"dark"|"light"|"no-preference"> Emulates `'prefers-colors-scheme'` media feature, supported values are `'light'`, `'dark'`, `'no-preference'`. See [page.emulateMedia(options)](#pageemulatemediaoptions) for more details. Defaults to '`light`'.
-`userAgent`<[string]> Specific user agent to use in this context.
-`deviceScaleFactor`<[number]> Specify device scale factor (can be thought of as dpr). Defaults to `1`.
-`isMobile`<[boolean]> Whether the `meta viewport` tag is taken into account and touch events are enabled. Defaults to `false`. Not supported in Firefox.
-`hasTouch`<[boolean]> Specifies if viewport supports touch events. Defaults to false.
-`timezoneId`<[string]> Changes the timezone of the context. See [ICU’s `metaZones.txt`](https://cs.chromium.org/chromium/src/third_party/icu/source/data/misc/metaZones.txt?rcl=faee8bc70570192d82d2978a71e2a615788597d1) for a list of supported timezone IDs.
-`accuracy`<[number]> Non-negative accuracy value. Defaults to `0`.
-`locale`<[string]> Specify user locale, for example `en-GB`, `de-DE`, etc. Locale will affect `navigator.language` value, `Accept-Language` request header value as well as number and date formatting rules.
-`permissions`<[Array]<[string]>> A list of permissions to grant to all pages in this context. See [browserContext.grantPermissions](#browsercontextgrantpermissionspermissions-options) for more details.
-`extraHTTPHeaders`<[Object]<[string], [string]>> An object containing additional HTTP headers to be sent with every request. All header values must be strings.
-`colorScheme`<"dark"|"light"|"no-preference"> Emulates `'prefers-colors-scheme'` media feature, supported values are `'light'`, `'dark'`, `'no-preference'`. See [page.emulateMedia(options)](#pageemulatemediaoptions) for more details. Defaults to '`light`'.
This is a convenience API that should only be used for the single-page scenarios and short snippets. Production code and testing frameworks should explicitly create [browser.newContext](#browsernewcontextoptions) followed by the [browserContext.newPage](#browsercontextnewpage) to control their exact life times.
The event is emitted when a new Page is created in the BrowserContext. The page may still be loading. The event will also fire for popup pages. See also [`Page.on('popup')`](#event-popup) to receive events about popups relevant to a specific page.
The earliest moment that page is available is when it has navigated to the initial url. For example, when opening a popup with `window.open('http://example.com')`, this event will fire when the network request to "http://example.com" is done and its response has started loading in the popup.
> **NOTE** Use [`page.waitForLoadState([state[, options]])`](#pagewaitforloadstatestate-options) to wait until the page gets to a particular state (you should not need it in most cases).
-`script`<[function]|[string]|[Object]> Script to be evaluated in all pages in the browser context.
-`path`<[string]> Path to the JavaScript file. If `path` is a relative path, then it is resolved relative to [current working directory](https://nodejs.org/api/process.html#process_process_cwd).
Adds a script which would be evaluated in one of the following scenarios:
- Whenever a page is created in the browser context or is navigated.
- Whenever a child frame is attached or navigated in any page in the browser context. In this case, the script is evaluated in the context of the newly attached frame.
The script is evaluated after the document was created but before any of its scripts were run. This is useful to amend the JavaScript environment, e.g. to seed `Math.random`.
An example of overriding `Math.random` before the page loads:
> **NOTE** The order of evaluation of multiple scripts installed via [browserContext.addInitScript(script[, arg])](#browsercontextaddinitscriptscript-arg) and [page.addInitScript(script[, arg])](#pageaddinitscriptscript-arg) is not defined.
- returns: <[Array]<[Page]>> All open pages in the context. Non visible pages, such as `"background_page"`, will not be listed here. You can find them using [chromiumBrowserContext.backgroundPages()](#chromiumbrowsercontextbackgroundpages).
Page routes (set up with [page.route(url, handler)](#pagerouteurl-handler)) take precedence over browser context routes when request matches both handlers.
> **NOTE** [`page.setDefaultNavigationTimeout`](#pagesetdefaultnavigationtimeouttimeout) and [`page.setDefaultTimeout`](#pagesetdefaulttimeouttimeout) take priority over [`browserContext.setDefaultNavigationTimeout`](#browsercontextsetdefaultnavigationtimeouttimeout).
#### browserContext.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)
-`timeout`<[number]> Maximum time in milliseconds
This setting will change the default maximum time for all the methods accepting `timeout` option.
> **NOTE** [`page.setDefaultNavigationTimeout`](#pagesetdefaultnavigationtimeouttimeout), [`page.setDefaultTimeout`](#pagesetdefaulttimeouttimeout) and [`browserContext.setDefaultNavigationTimeout`](#browsercontextsetdefaultnavigationtimeouttimeout) take priority over [`browserContext.setDefaultTimeout`](#browsercontextsetdefaulttimeouttimeout).
-`headers`<[Object]<[string], [string]>> An object containing additional HTTP headers to be sent with every request. All header values must be strings.
The extra HTTP headers will be sent with every request initiated by any page in the context. These headers are merged with page-specific extra HTTP headers set with [page.setExtraHTTPHeaders()](#pagesetextrahttpheadersheaders). If page overrides a particular header, page-specific header value will be used instead of the browser context header value.
> **NOTE** `browserContext.setExtraHTTPHeaders` does not guarantee the order of headers in the outgoing requests.
> **NOTE** Consider using [browserContext.grantPermissions](#browsercontextgrantpermissionspermissions-options) to grant permissions for the browser context pages to read its geolocation.
> **NOTE** Browsers may cache credentials that resulted in successful auth. That means passing different credentials after successful authentication or passing `null` to disable authentication is unreliable. Instead, create a separate browser context that will not have previous credentials cached.
-`handler`<[function]\([Route], [Request]\)> Handler function to route the request.
- returns: <[Promise]>
Removes a route created with [browserContext.route(url, handler)](#browsercontextrouteurl-handler). When `handler` is not specified, removes all routes for the `url`.
-`event`<[string]> Event name, same one would pass into `browserContext.on(event)`.
-`optionsOrPredicate`<[Function]|[Object]> Either a predicate that receives an event or an options object.
-`predicate`<[Function]> receives the event data and resolves to truthy value when the waiting should resolve.
-`timeout`<[number]> maximum time to wait for in milliseconds. Defaults to `30000` (30 seconds). Pass `0` to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the [browserContext.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#browsercontextsetdefaulttimeouttimeout).
Waits for event to fire and passes its value into the predicate function. Resolves when the predicate returns truthy value. Will throw an error if the context closes before the event
Page provides methods to interact with a single tab in a [Browser], or an [extension background page](https://developer.chrome.com/extensions/background_pages) in Chromium. One [Browser] instance might have multiple [Page] instances.
The Page class emits various events (described below) which can be handled using any of Node's native [`EventEmitter`](https://nodejs.org/api/events.html#events_class_eventemitter) methods, such as `on`, `once` or `removeListener`.
Emitted when JavaScript within the page calls one of console API methods, e.g. `console.log` or `console.dir`. Also emitted if the page throws an error or a warning.
Emitted when a JavaScript dialog appears, such as `alert`, `prompt`, `confirm` or `beforeunload`. Playwright can respond to the dialog via [Dialog]'s [accept](#dialogacceptprompttext) or [dismiss](#dialogdismiss) methods.
Emitted when attachment download started. User can access basic file operations on downloaded content via the passed [Download] instance.
> **NOTE** Browser context **must** be created with the `acceptDownloads` set to `true` when user needs access to the downloaded content. If `acceptDownloads` is not set or set to `false`, download events are emitted, but the actual download is not performed and user has no access to the downloaded files.
Emitted when a file chooser is supposed to appear, such as after clicking the `<input type=file>`. Playwright can respond to it via setting the input files using [`fileChooser.setFiles`](#filechoosersetfilesfiles-options) that can be uploaded after that.
Emitted when the page opens a new tab or window. This event is emitted in addition to the [`browserContext.on('page')`](#event-page), but only for popups relevant to this page.
The earliest moment that page is available is when it has navigated to the initial url. For example, when opening a popup with `window.open('http://example.com')`, this event will fire when the network request to "http://example.com" is done and its response has started loading in the popup.
> **NOTE** Use [`page.waitForLoadState([state[, options]])`](#pagewaitforloadstatestate-options) to wait until the page gets to a particular state (you should not need it in most cases).
> **NOTE** HTTP Error responses, such as 404 or 503, are still successful responses from HTTP standpoint, so request will complete with [`'requestfinished'`](#event-requestfinished) event and not with [`'requestfailed'`](#event-requestfailed).
The method finds an element matching the specified selector within the page and passes it as a first argument to `pageFunction`. If no elements match the selector, the method throws an error.
The method finds all elements matching the specified selector within the page and passes an array of matched elements as a first argument to `pageFunction`.
-`script`<[function]|[string]|[Object]> Script to be evaluated in the page.
-`path`<[string]> Path to the JavaScript file. If `path` is a relative path, then it is resolved relative to [current working directory](https://nodejs.org/api/process.html#process_process_cwd).
Adds a script which would be evaluated in one of the following scenarios:
- Whenever the page is navigated.
- Whenever the child frame is attached or navigated. In this case, the scritp is evaluated in the context of the newly attached frame.
The script is evaluated after the document was created but before any of its scripts were run. This is useful to amend the JavaScript environment, e.g. to seed `Math.random`.
An example of overriding `Math.random` before the page loads:
```js
// preload.js
Math.random = () => 42;
// In your playwright script, assuming the preload.js file is in same folder
> **NOTE** The order of evaluation of multiple scripts installed via [browserContext.addInitScript(script[, arg])](#browsercontextaddinitscriptscript-arg) and [page.addInitScript(script[, arg])](#pageaddinitscriptscript-arg) is not defined.
-`path`<[string]> Path to the JavaScript file to be injected into frame. If `path` is a relative path, then it is resolved relative to [current working directory](https://nodejs.org/api/process.html#process_process_cwd).
-`content`<[string]> Raw JavaScript content to be injected into frame.
-`type`<[string]> Script type. Use 'module' in order to load a Javascript ES6 module. See [script](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/script) for more details.
- returns: <[Promise]<[ElementHandle]>> which resolves to the added tag when the script's onload fires or when the script content was injected into frame.
-`path`<[string]> Path to the CSS file to be injected into frame. If `path` is a relative path, then it is resolved relative to [current working directory](https://nodejs.org/api/process.html#process_process_cwd).
-`content`<[string]> Raw CSS content to be injected into frame.
- returns: <[Promise]<[ElementHandle]>> which resolves to the added tag when the stylesheet's onload fires or when the CSS content was injected into frame.
-`selector`<[string]> A selector to search for checkbox or radio button to check. If there are multiple elements satisfying the selector, the first will be checked. See [working with selectors](#working-with-selectors) for more details.
- displayed: has non-empty bounding box and no `visibility:hidden` (note that elements of zero size or with `display:none` are considered not displayed),
- is not moving (for example, css transition has finished),
- receives pointer events at the action point (for example, element is not covered by other elements).
Even if the action is forced, it will wait for the element matching selector to be in the DOM. Defaults to `false`.
-`noWaitAfter`<[boolean]> Actions that initiate navigations are waiting for these navigations to happen and for pages to start loading. You can opt out of waiting via setting this flag. You would only need this option in the exceptional cases such as navigating to inaccessible pages. Defaults to `false`.
-`timeout`<[number]> Maximum time in milliseconds, defaults to 30 seconds, pass `0` to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the [browserContext.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#browsercontextsetdefaulttimeouttimeout) or [page.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#pagesetdefaulttimeouttimeout) methods.
- returns: <[Promise]> Promise which resolves when the element matching `selector` is successfully checked. The Promise will be rejected if there is no element matching `selector`.
This method fetches an element with `selector`, if element is not already checked, it scrolls it into view if needed, and then uses [page.click](#pageclickselector-options) to click in the center of the element.
If there's no element matching `selector`, the method waits until a matching element appears in the DOM. If the element is detached during the actionability checks, the action is retried.
-`selector`<[string]> A selector to search for element to click. If there are multiple elements satisfying the selector, the first will be clicked. See [working with selectors](#working-with-selectors) for more details.
-`position`<[Object]> A point to click relative to the top-left corner of element padding box. If not specified, clicks to some visible point of the element.
-`modifiers`<[Array]<"Alt"|"Control"|"Meta"|"Shift">> Modifier keys to press. Ensures that only these modifiers are pressed during the click, and then restores current modifiers back. If not specified, currently pressed modifiers are used.
- displayed: has non-empty bounding box and no `visibility:hidden` (note that elements of zero size or with `display:none` are considered not displayed),
- is not moving (for example, css transition has finished),
- receives pointer events at the action point (for example, element is not covered by other elements).
Even if the action is forced, it will wait for the element matching selector to be in the DOM. Defaults to `false`.
-`noWaitAfter`<[boolean]> Actions that initiate navigations are waiting for these navigations to happen and for pages to start loading. You can opt out of waiting via setting this flag. You would only need this option in the exceptional cases such as navigating to inaccessible pages. Defaults to `false`.
-`timeout`<[number]> Maximum time in milliseconds, defaults to 30 seconds, pass `0` to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the [browserContext.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#browsercontextsetdefaulttimeouttimeout) or [page.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#pagesetdefaulttimeouttimeout) methods.
- returns: <[Promise]> Promise which resolves when the element matching `selector` is successfully clicked. The Promise will be rejected if there is no element matching `selector`.
This method fetches an element with `selector`, scrolls it into view if needed, and then uses [page.mouse](#pagemouse) to click in the center of the element.
If there's no element matching `selector`, the method waits until a matching element appears in the DOM. If the element is detached during the actionability checks, the action is retried.
-`selector`<[string]> A selector to search for element to double click. If there are multiple elements satisfying the selector, the first will be double clicked. See [working with selectors](#working-with-selectors) for more details.
-`position`<[Object]> A point to double click relative to the top-left corner of element padding box. If not specified, double clicks to some visible point of the element.
-`modifiers`<[Array]<"Alt"|"Control"|"Meta"|"Shift">> Modifier keys to press. Ensures that only these modifiers are pressed during the double click, and then restores current modifiers back. If not specified, currently pressed modifiers are used.
- displayed: has non-empty bounding box and no `visibility:hidden` (note that elements of zero size or with `display:none` are considered not displayed),
- is not moving (for example, css transition has finished),
- receives pointer events at the action point (for example, element is not covered by other elements).
Even if the action is forced, it will wait for the element matching selector to be in the DOM. Defaults to `false`.
-`noWaitAfter`<[boolean]> Actions that initiate navigations are waiting for these navigations to happen and for pages to start loading. You can opt out of waiting via setting this flag. You would only need this option in the exceptional cases such as navigating to inaccessible pages. Defaults to `false`.
-`timeout`<[number]> Maximum time in milliseconds, defaults to 30 seconds, pass `0` to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the [browserContext.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#browsercontextsetdefaulttimeouttimeout) or [page.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#pagesetdefaulttimeouttimeout) methods.
- returns: <[Promise]> Promise which resolves when the element matching `selector` is successfully double clicked. The Promise will be rejected if there is no element matching `selector`.
This method fetches an element with `selector`, scrolls it into view if needed, and then uses [page.mouse](#pagemouse) to double click in the center of the element.
If there's no element matching `selector`, the method waits until a matching element appears in the DOM. If the element is detached during the actionability checks, the action is retried.
-`selector`<[string]> A selector to search for element to use. If there are multiple elements satisfying the selector, the first will be used. See [working with selectors](#working-with-selectors) for more details.
-`timeout`<[number]> Maximum time in milliseconds, defaults to 30 seconds, pass `0` to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the [browserContext.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#browsercontextsetdefaulttimeouttimeout) or [page.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#pagesetdefaulttimeouttimeout) methods.
- returns: <[Promise]>
The snippet below dispatches the `click` event on the element. Regardless of the visibility state of the elment, `click` is dispatched. This is equivalend to calling [`element.click()`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/HTMLElement/click).
Under the hood, it creates an instance of an event based on the given `type`, initializes it with `eventInit` properties and dispatches it on the element. Events are `composed`, `cancelable` and bubble by default.
Since `eventInit` is event-specific, please refer to the events documentation for the lists of initial properties:
-`media`<"screen"|"print"> Changes the CSS media type of the page. The only allowed values are `'screen'`, `'print'` and `null`. Passing `null` disables CSS media emulation.
-`colorScheme`<"dark"|"light"|"no-preference"> Emulates `'prefers-colors-scheme'` media feature, supported values are `'light'`, `'dark'`, `'no-preference'`.
If the function passed to the `page.evaluate` returns a non-[Serializable] value, then `page.evaluate` resolves to `undefined`. DevTools Protocol also supports transferring some additional values that are not serializable by `JSON`: `-0`, `NaN`, `Infinity`, `-Infinity`, and bigint literals.
If the function passed to the `page.evaluateHandle` returns a [Promise], then `page.evaluateHandle` would wait for the promise to resolve and return its value.
-`noWaitAfter`<[boolean]> Actions that initiate navigations are waiting for these navigations to happen and for pages to start loading. You can opt out of waiting via setting this flag. You would only need this option in the exceptional cases such as navigating to inaccessible pages. Defaults to `false`.
-`timeout`<[number]> Maximum time in milliseconds, defaults to 30 seconds, pass `0` to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the [browserContext.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#browsercontextsetdefaulttimeouttimeout) or [page.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#pagesetdefaulttimeouttimeout) methods.
- returns: <[Promise]> Promise which resolves when the element matching `selector` is successfully filled. The promise will be rejected if there is no element matching `selector`.
If there's no text `<input>`, `<textarea>` or `[contenteditable]` element matching `selector`, the method throws an error. Note that you can pass an empty string to clear the input field.
-`selector`<[string]> A selector of an element to focus. If there are multiple elements satisfying the selector, the first will be focused. See [working with selectors](#working-with-selectors) for more details.
-`timeout`<[number]> Maximum time in milliseconds, defaults to 30 seconds, pass `0` to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the [browserContext.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#browsercontextsetdefaulttimeouttimeout) or [page.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#pagesetdefaulttimeouttimeout) methods.
- returns: <[Promise]> Promise which resolves when the element matching `selector` is successfully focused. The promise will be rejected if there is no element matching `selector`.
-`timeout`<[number]> Maximum navigation time in milliseconds, defaults to 30 seconds, pass `0` to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the [browserContext.setDefaultNavigationTimeout(timeout)](#browsercontextsetdefaultnavigationtimeouttimeout), [browserContext.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#browsercontextsetdefaulttimeouttimeout), [page.setDefaultNavigationTimeout(timeout)](#pagesetdefaultnavigationtimeouttimeout) or [page.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#pagesetdefaulttimeouttimeout) methods.
- returns: <[Promise]<?[Response]>> Promise which resolves to the main resource response. In case of multiple redirects, the navigation will resolve with the response of the last redirect. If
-`timeout`<[number]> Maximum navigation time in milliseconds, defaults to 30 seconds, pass `0` to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the [browserContext.setDefaultNavigationTimeout(timeout)](#browsercontextsetdefaultnavigationtimeouttimeout), [browserContext.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#browsercontextsetdefaulttimeouttimeout), [page.setDefaultNavigationTimeout(timeout)](#pagesetdefaultnavigationtimeouttimeout) or [page.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#pagesetdefaulttimeouttimeout) methods.
- returns: <[Promise]<?[Response]>> Promise which resolves to the main resource response. In case of multiple redirects, the navigation will resolve with the response of the last redirect. If
-`timeout`<[number]> Maximum navigation time in milliseconds, defaults to 30 seconds, pass `0` to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the [browserContext.setDefaultNavigationTimeout(timeout)](#browsercontextsetdefaultnavigationtimeouttimeout), [browserContext.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#browsercontextsetdefaulttimeouttimeout), [page.setDefaultNavigationTimeout(timeout)](#pagesetdefaultnavigationtimeouttimeout) or [page.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#pagesetdefaulttimeouttimeout) methods.
-`referer`<[string]> Referer header value. If provided it will take preference over the referer header value set by [page.setExtraHTTPHeaders()](#pagesetextrahttpheadersheaders).
- returns: <[Promise]<?[Response]>> Promise which resolves to the main resource response. In case of multiple redirects, the navigation will resolve with the response of the last redirect.
`page.goto` will throw an error if:
- there's an SSL error (e.g. in case of self-signed certificates).
- target URL is invalid.
- the `timeout` is exceeded during navigation.
- the remote server does not respond or is unreachable.
- the main resource failed to load.
`page.goto` will not throw an error when any valid HTTP status code is returned by the remote server, including 404 "Not Found" and 500 "Internal Server Error". The status code for such responses can be retrieved by calling [response.status()](#responsestatus).
> **NOTE** `page.goto` either throws an error or returns a main resource response. The only exceptions are navigation to `about:blank` or navigation to the same URL with a different hash, which would succeed and return `null`.
> **NOTE** Headless mode doesn't support navigation to a PDF document. See the [upstream issue](https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=761295).
-`selector`<[string]> A selector to search for element to hover. If there are multiple elements satisfying the selector, the first will be hovered. See [working with selectors](#working-with-selectors) for more details.
-`position`<[Object]> A point to hover relative to the top-left corner of element padding box. If not specified, hovers over some visible point of the element.
-`modifiers`<[Array]<"Alt"|"Control"|"Meta"|"Shift">> Modifier keys to press. Ensures that only these modifiers are pressed during the hover, and then restores current modifiers back. If not specified, currently pressed modifiers are used.
- displayed: has non-empty bounding box and no `visibility:hidden` (note that elements of zero size or with `display:none` are considered not displayed),
- is not moving (for example, css transition has finished),
- receives pointer events at the action point (for example, element is not covered by other elements).
Even if the action is forced, it will wait for the element matching selector to be in the DOM. Defaults to `false`.
-`timeout`<[number]> Maximum time in milliseconds, defaults to 30 seconds, pass `0` to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the [browserContext.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#browsercontextsetdefaulttimeouttimeout) or [page.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#pagesetdefaulttimeouttimeout) methods.
- returns: <[Promise]> Promise which resolves when the element matching `selector` is successfully hovered. Promise gets rejected if there's no element matching `selector`.
This method fetches an element with `selector`, scrolls it into view if needed, and then uses [page.mouse](#pagemouse) to hover over the center of the element.
If there's no element matching `selector`, the method waits until a matching element appears in the DOM. If the element is detached during the actionability checks, the action is retried.
- returns: <[Promise]<?[Page]>> Promise which resolves to the opener for popup pages and `null` for others. If the opener has been closed already the promise may resolve to `null`.
-`options`<[Object]> Options object which might have the following properties:
-`path`<[string]> The file path to save the PDF to. If `path` is a relative path, then it is resolved relative to [current working directory](https://nodejs.org/api/process.html#process_process_cwd). If no path is provided, the PDF won't be saved to the disk.
-`scale`<[number]> Scale of the webpage rendering. Defaults to `1`. Scale amount must be between 0.1 and 2.
-`displayHeaderFooter`<[boolean]> Display header and footer. Defaults to `false`.
-`headerTemplate`<[string]> HTML template for the print header. Should be valid HTML markup with following classes used to inject printing values into them:
-`'date'` formatted print date
-`'title'` document title
-`'url'` document location
-`'pageNumber'` current page number
-`'totalPages'` total pages in the document
-`footerTemplate`<[string]> HTML template for the print footer. Should use the same format as the `headerTemplate`.
-`printBackground`<[boolean]> Print background graphics. Defaults to `false`.
-`landscape`<[boolean]> Paper orientation. Defaults to `false`.
-`pageRanges`<[string]> Paper ranges to print, e.g., '1-5, 8, 11-13'. Defaults to the empty string, which means print all pages.
-`format`<[string]> Paper format. If set, takes priority over `width` or `height` options. Defaults to 'Letter'.
-`width`<[string]|[number]> Paper width, accepts values labeled with units.
-`height`<[string]|[number]> Paper height, accepts values labeled with units.
-`margin`<[Object]> Paper margins, defaults to none.
-`preferCSSPageSize`<[boolean]> Give any CSS `@page` size declared in the page priority over what is declared in `width` and `height` or `format` options. Defaults to `false`, which will scale the content to fit the paper size.
- returns: <[Promise]<[Buffer]>> Promise which resolves with PDF buffer.
`page.pdf()` generates a pdf of the page with `print` css media. To generate a pdf with `screen` media, call [page.emulateMedia({ media: 'screen' })](#pageemulatemediaoptions) before calling `page.pdf()`:
> **NOTE** By default, `page.pdf()` generates a pdf with modified colors for printing. Use the [`-webkit-print-color-adjust`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/-webkit-print-color-adjust) property to force rendering of exact colors.
-`selector`<[string]> A selector of an element to type into. If there are multiple elements satisfying the selector, the first will be used. See [working with selectors](#working-with-selectors) for more details.
-`noWaitAfter`<[boolean]> Actions that initiate navigations are waiting for these navigations to happen and for pages to start loading. You can opt out of waiting via setting this flag. You would only need this option in the exceptional cases such as navigating to inaccessible pages. Defaults to `false`.
-`timeout`<[number]> Maximum time in milliseconds, defaults to 30 seconds, pass `0` to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the [browserContext.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#browsercontextsetdefaulttimeouttimeout) or [page.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#pagesetdefaulttimeouttimeout) methods.
`key` can specify the intended [keyboardEvent.key](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/KeyboardEvent/key) value or a single character to generate the text for. A superset of the `key` values can be found [here](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/KeyboardEvent/key/Key_Values). Examples of the keys are:
If `key` is a single character, it is case-sensitive, so the values `a` and `A` will generate different respective texts.
Shortcuts such as `key: "Control+o"` or `key: "Control+Shift+T"` are supported as well. When speficied with the modifier, modifier is pressed and being held while the subsequent key is being pressed.
-`timeout`<[number]> Maximum navigation time in milliseconds, defaults to 30 seconds, pass `0` to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the [browserContext.setDefaultNavigationTimeout(timeout)](#browsercontextsetdefaultnavigationtimeouttimeout), [browserContext.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#browsercontextsetdefaulttimeouttimeout), [page.setDefaultNavigationTimeout(timeout)](#pagesetdefaultnavigationtimeouttimeout) or [page.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#pagesetdefaulttimeouttimeout) methods.
- returns: <[Promise]<?[Response]>> Promise which resolves to the main resource response. In case of multiple redirects, the navigation will resolve with the response of the last redirect.
Page routes take precedence over browser context routes (set up with [browserContext.route(url, handler)](#browsercontextrouteurl-handler)) when request matches both handlers.
-`options`<[Object]> Options object which might have the following properties:
-`path`<[string]> The file path to save the image to. The screenshot type will be inferred from file extension. If `path` is a relative path, then it is resolved relative to [current working directory](https://nodejs.org/api/process.html#process_process_cwd). If no path is provided, the image won't be saved to the disk.
-`omitBackground`<[boolean]> Hides default white background and allows capturing screenshots with transparency. Not applicable to `jpeg` images. Defaults to `false`.
-`values`<[string]|[ElementHandle]|[Array]<[string]>|[Object]|[Array]<[ElementHandle]>|[Array]<[Object]>> Options to select. If the `<select>` has the `multiple` attribute, all matching options are selected, otherwise only the first option matching one of the passed options is selected. String values are equivalent to `{value:'string'}`. Option is considered matching if all specified properties match.
-`noWaitAfter`<[boolean]> Actions that initiate navigations are waiting for these navigations to happen and for pages to start loading. You can opt out of waiting via setting this flag. You would only need this option in the exceptional cases such as navigating to inaccessible pages. Defaults to `false`.
-`timeout`<[number]> Maximum time in milliseconds, defaults to 30 seconds, pass `0` to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the [browserContext.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#browsercontextsetdefaulttimeouttimeout) or [page.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#pagesetdefaulttimeouttimeout) methods.
-`timeout`<[number]> Maximum time in milliseconds for resources to load, defaults to 30 seconds, pass `0` to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the [browserContext.setDefaultNavigationTimeout(timeout)](#browsercontextsetdefaultnavigationtimeouttimeout), [browserContext.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#browsercontextsetdefaulttimeouttimeout), [page.setDefaultNavigationTimeout(timeout)](#pagesetdefaultnavigationtimeouttimeout) or [page.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#pagesetdefaulttimeouttimeout) methods.
-`waitUntil`<"load"|"domcontentloaded"|"networkidle"> When to consider setting markup succeeded, defaults to `load`. Given an array of event strings, setting content is considered to be successful after all events have been fired. Events can be either:
> **NOTE** [`page.setDefaultNavigationTimeout`](#pagesetdefaultnavigationtimeouttimeout) takes priority over [`page.setDefaultTimeout`](#pagesetdefaulttimeouttimeout), [`browserContext.setDefaultTimeout`](#browsercontextsetdefaulttimeouttimeout) and [`browserContext.setDefaultNavigationTimeout`](#browsercontextsetdefaultnavigationtimeouttimeout).
-`headers`<[Object]<[string], [string]>> An object containing additional HTTP headers to be sent with every request. All header values must be strings.
-`selector`<[string]> A selector to search for element to click. If there are multiple elements satisfying the selector, the first will be clicked. See [working with selectors](#working-with-selectors) for more details.
-`noWaitAfter`<[boolean]> Actions that initiate navigations are waiting for these navigations to happen and for pages to start loading. You can opt out of waiting via setting this flag. You would only need this option in the exceptional cases such as navigating to inaccessible pages. Defaults to `false`.
-`timeout`<[number]> Maximum time in milliseconds, defaults to 30 seconds, pass `0` to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the [browserContext.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#browsercontextsetdefaulttimeouttimeout) or [page.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#pagesetdefaulttimeouttimeout) methods.
- returns: <[Promise]>
This method expects `selector` to point to an [input element](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input).
Sets the value of the file input to these file paths or files. If some of the `filePaths` are relative paths, then they are resolved relative to the [current working directory](https://nodejs.org/api/process.html#process_process_cwd). For empty array, clears the selected files.
In the case of multiple pages in a single browser, each page can have its own viewport size. However, [browser.newContext([options])](#browsernewcontextoptions) allows to set viewport size (and more) for all pages in the context at once.
`page.setViewportSize` will resize the page. A lot of websites don't expect phones to change size, so you should set the viewport size before navigating to the page.
-`selector`<[string]> A selector of an element to type into. If there are multiple elements satisfying the selector, the first will be used. See [working with selectors](#working-with-selectors) for more details.
-`noWaitAfter`<[boolean]> Actions that initiate navigations are waiting for these navigations to happen and for pages to start loading. You can opt out of waiting via setting this flag. You would only need this option in the exceptional cases such as navigating to inaccessible pages. Defaults to `false`.
-`timeout`<[number]> Maximum time in milliseconds, defaults to 30 seconds, pass `0` to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the [browserContext.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#browsercontextsetdefaulttimeouttimeout) or [page.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#pagesetdefaulttimeouttimeout) methods.
Sends a `keydown`, `keypress`/`input`, and `keyup` event for each character in the text. `page.type` can be used to send fine-grained keyboard events. To fill values in form fields, use [`page.fill`](#pagefillselector-value-options).
-`selector`<[string]> A selector to search for uncheckbox to check. If there are multiple elements satisfying the selector, the first will be checked. See [working with selectors](#working-with-selectors) for more details.
- displayed: has non-empty bounding box and no `visibility:hidden` (note that elements of zero size or with `display:none` are considered not displayed),
- is not moving (for example, css transition has finished),
- receives pointer events at the action point (for example, element is not covered by other elements).
Even if the action is forced, it will wait for the element matching selector to be in the DOM. Defaults to `false`.
-`noWaitAfter`<[boolean]> Actions that initiate navigations are waiting for these navigations to happen and for pages to start loading. You can opt out of waiting via setting this flag. You would only need this option in the exceptional cases such as navigating to inaccessible pages. Defaults to `false`.
-`timeout`<[number]> Maximum time in milliseconds, defaults to 30 seconds, pass `0` to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the [browserContext.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#browsercontextsetdefaulttimeouttimeout) or [page.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#pagesetdefaulttimeouttimeout) methods.
- returns: <[Promise]> Promise which resolves when the element matching `selector` is successfully unchecked. The Promise will be rejected if there is no element matching `selector`.
This method fetches an element with `selector`, if element is not already unchecked, it scrolls it into view if needed, and then uses [page.click](#pageclickselector-options) to click in the center of the element.
If there's no element matching `selector`, the method waits until a matching element appears in the DOM. If the element is detached during the actionability checks, the action is retried.
-`timeout`<[number]> maximum time to wait for in milliseconds. Defaults to `30000` (30 seconds). Pass `0` to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the [browserContext.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#browsercontextsetdefaulttimeouttimeout) or [page.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#pagesetdefaulttimeouttimeout) methods.
Waits for event to fire and passes its value into the predicate function. Resolves when the predicate returns truthy value. Will throw an error if the page is closed before the event
-`polling`<[number]|"raf"> If `polling` is `'raf'`, then `pageFunction` is constantly executed in `requestAnimationFrame` callback. If `polling` is a number, then it is treated as an interval in milliseconds at which the function would be executed. Defaults to `raf`.
-`timeout`<[number]> maximum time to wait for in milliseconds. Defaults to `30000` (30 seconds). Pass `0` to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the [page.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#pagesetdefaulttimeouttimeout) method.
- returns: <[Promise]<[JSHandle]>> Promise which resolves when the `pageFunction` returns a truthy value. It resolves to a JSHandle of the truthy value.
-`state`<"load"|"domcontentloaded"|"networkidle"> Load state to wait for, defaults to `load`. If the state has been already reached while loading current document, the method resolves immediately.
-`timeout`<[number]> Maximum waiting time in milliseconds, defaults to 30 seconds, pass `0` to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the [browserContext.setDefaultNavigationTimeout(timeout)](#browsercontextsetdefaultnavigationtimeouttimeout), [browserContext.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#browsercontextsetdefaulttimeouttimeout), [page.setDefaultNavigationTimeout(timeout)](#pagesetdefaultnavigationtimeouttimeout) or [page.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#pagesetdefaulttimeouttimeout) methods.
- returns: <[Promise]> Promise which resolves when the required load state has been reached.
This resolves when the page reaches a required load state, `load` by default. The navigation must have been committed when this method is called. If current document has already reached the required state, resolves immediately.
-`timeout`<[number]> Maximum navigation time in milliseconds, defaults to 30 seconds, pass `0` to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the [browserContext.setDefaultNavigationTimeout(timeout)](#browsercontextsetdefaultnavigationtimeouttimeout), [browserContext.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#browsercontextsetdefaulttimeouttimeout), [page.setDefaultNavigationTimeout(timeout)](#pagesetdefaultnavigationtimeouttimeout) or [page.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#pagesetdefaulttimeouttimeout) methods.
- returns: <[Promise]<?[Response]>> Promise which resolves to the main resource response. In case of multiple redirects, the navigation will resolve with the response of the last redirect. In case of navigation to a different anchor or navigation due to History API usage, the navigation will resolve with `null`.
This resolves when the page navigates to a new URL or reloads. It is useful for when you run code
which will indirectly cause the page to navigate. Consider this example:
-`timeout`<[number]> Maximum wait time in milliseconds, defaults to 30 seconds, pass `0` to disable the timeout. The default value can be changed by using the [page.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#pagesetdefaulttimeouttimeout) method.
- returns: <[Promise]<[Request]>> Promise which resolves to the matched request.
-`timeout`<[number]> Maximum wait time in milliseconds, defaults to 30 seconds, pass `0` to disable the timeout. The default value can be changed by using the [browserContext.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#browsercontextsetdefaulttimeouttimeout) or [page.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#pagesetdefaulttimeouttimeout) methods.
-`state`<"attached"|"detached"|"visible"|"hidden"> Defaults to `'visible'`. Can be either:
-`'attached'` - wait for element to be present in DOM.
-`'detached'` - wait for element to not be present in DOM.
-`'visible'` - wait for element to have non-empty bounding box and no `visibility:hidden`. Note that element without any content or with `display:none` has an empty bounding box and is not considered visible.
-`'hidden'` - wait for element to be either detached from DOM, or have an empty bounding box or `visibility:hidden`. This is opposite to the `'visible'` option.
-`timeout`<[number]> Maximum time in milliseconds, defaults to 30 seconds, pass `0` to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the [browserContext.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#browsercontextsetdefaulttimeouttimeout) or [page.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#pagesetdefaulttimeouttimeout) methods.
- returns: <[Promise]<?[ElementHandle]>> Promise which resolves when element specified by selector satisfies `state` option. Resolves to `null` if waiting for `hidden` or `detached`.
Wait for the `selector` to satisfy `state` option (either appear/disappear from dom, or become visible/hidden). If at the moment of calling the method `selector` already satisfies the condition, the method will return immediately. If the selector doesn't satisfy the condition for the `timeout` milliseconds, the function will throw.
Shortcut for [page.mainFrame().waitForSelector(selector[, options])](#framewaitforselectorselector-options).
#### page.waitForTimeout(timeout)
-`timeout`<[number]> A timeout to wait for
- returns: <[Promise]>
Returns a promise that resolves after the timeout.
Note that `page.waitForTimeout()` should only be used for debugging. Tests using the timer in production are going to be flaky. Use signals such as network events, selectors becoming visible and others instead.
```js
// wait for 1 second
await page.waitForTimeout(1000);
```
Shortcut for [page.mainFrame().waitForTimeout(timeout)](#pagewaitfortimeouttimeout).
This method returns all of the dedicated [WebWorkers](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Web_Workers_API) associated with the page.
> **NOTE** This does not contain ServiceWorkers
### class: Frame
At every point of time, page exposes its current frame tree via the [page.mainFrame()](#pagemainframe) and [frame.childFrames()](#framechildframes) methods.
The method finds an element matching the specified selector within the frame. See [Working with selectors](#working-with-selectors) for more details. If no elements match the selector, the return value resolves to `null`.
The method finds all elements matching the specified selector within the frame. See [Working with selectors](#working-with-selectors) for more details. If no elements match the selector, the return value resolves to `[]`.
The method finds an element matching the specified selector within the frame and passes it as a first argument to `pageFunction`. See [Working with selectors](#working-with-selectors) for more details. If no elements match the selector, the method throws an error.
The method finds all elements matching the specified selector within the frame and passes an array of matched elements as a first argument to `pageFunction`. See [Working with selectors](#working-with-selectors) for more details.
-`path`<[string]> Path to the JavaScript file to be injected into frame. If `path` is a relative path, then it is resolved relative to [current working directory](https://nodejs.org/api/process.html#process_process_cwd).
-`content`<[string]> Raw JavaScript content to be injected into frame.
-`type`<[string]> Script type. Use 'module' in order to load a Javascript ES6 module. See [script](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/script) for more details.
- returns: <[Promise]<[ElementHandle]>> which resolves to the added tag when the script's onload fires or when the script content was injected into frame.
Adds a `<script>` tag into the page with the desired url or content.
-`path`<[string]> Path to the CSS file to be injected into frame. If `path` is a relative path, then it is resolved relative to [current working directory](https://nodejs.org/api/process.html#process_process_cwd).
-`content`<[string]> Raw CSS content to be injected into frame.
- returns: <[Promise]<[ElementHandle]>> which resolves to the added tag when the stylesheet's onload fires or when the CSS content was injected into frame.
Adds a `<link rel="stylesheet">` tag into the page with the desired url or a `<style type="text/css">` tag with the content.
-`selector`<[string]> A selector to search for checkbox to check. If there are multiple elements satisfying the selector, the first will be checked. See [working with selectors](#working-with-selectors) for more details.
- displayed: has non-empty bounding box and no `visibility:hidden` (note that elements of zero size or with `display:none` are considered not displayed),
- is not moving (for example, css transition has finished),
- receives pointer events at the action point (for example, element is not covered by other elements).
Even if the action is forced, it will wait for the element matching selector to be in the DOM. Defaults to `false`.
-`noWaitAfter`<[boolean]> Actions that initiate navigations are waiting for these navigations to happen and for pages to start loading. You can opt out of waiting via setting this flag. You would only need this option in the exceptional cases such as navigating to inaccessible pages. Defaults to `false`.
-`timeout`<[number]> Maximum time in milliseconds, defaults to 30 seconds, pass `0` to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the [browserContext.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#browsercontextsetdefaulttimeouttimeout) or [page.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#pagesetdefaulttimeouttimeout) methods.
- returns: <[Promise]> Promise which resolves when the element matching `selector` is successfully checked. The Promise will be rejected if there is no element matching `selector`.
This method fetches an element with `selector`, if element is not already checked, it scrolls it into view if needed, and then uses [frame.click](#frameclickselector-options) to click in the center of the element.
If there's no element matching `selector`, the method waits until a matching element appears in the DOM. If the element is detached during the actionability checks, the action is retried.
-`selector`<[string]> A selector to search for element to click. If there are multiple elements satisfying the selector, the first will be clicked. See [working with selectors](#working-with-selectors) for more details.
-`position`<[Object]> A point to click relative to the top-left corner of element padding box. If not specified, clicks to some visible point of the element.
-`modifiers`<[Array]<"Alt"|"Control"|"Meta"|"Shift">> Modifier keys to press. Ensures that only these modifiers are pressed during the click, and then restores current modifiers back. If not specified, currently pressed modifiers are used.
- displayed: has non-empty bounding box and no `visibility:hidden` (note that elements of zero size or with `display:none` are considered not displayed),
- is not moving (for example, css transition has finished),
- receives pointer events at the action point (for example, element is not covered by other elements).
Even if the action is forced, it will wait for the element matching selector to be in the DOM. Defaults to `false`.
-`noWaitAfter`<[boolean]> Actions that initiate navigations are waiting for these navigations to happen and for pages to start loading. You can opt out of waiting via setting this flag. You would only need this option in the exceptional cases such as navigating to inaccessible pages. Defaults to `false`.
-`timeout`<[number]> Maximum time in milliseconds, defaults to 30 seconds, pass `0` to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the [browserContext.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#browsercontextsetdefaulttimeouttimeout) or [page.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#pagesetdefaulttimeouttimeout) methods.
- returns: <[Promise]> Promise which resolves when the element matching `selector` is successfully clicked. The Promise will be rejected if there is no element matching `selector`.
This method fetches an element with `selector`, scrolls it into view if needed, and then uses [page.mouse](#pagemouse) to click in the center of the element.
If there's no element matching `selector`, the method waits until a matching element appears in the DOM. If the element is detached during the actionability checks, the action is retried.
-`selector`<[string]> A selector to search for element to double click. If there are multiple elements satisfying the selector, the first will be double clicked. See [working with selectors](#working-with-selectors) for more details.
-`position`<[Object]> A point to double click relative to the top-left corner of element padding box. If not specified, double clicks to some visible point of the element.
-`modifiers`<[Array]<"Alt"|"Control"|"Meta"|"Shift">> Modifier keys to press. Ensures that only these modifiers are pressed during the double click, and then restores current modifiers back. If not specified, currently pressed modifiers are used.
- displayed: has non-empty bounding box and no `visibility:hidden` (note that elements of zero size or with `display:none` are considered not displayed),
- is not moving (for example, css transition has finished),
- receives pointer events at the action point (for example, element is not covered by other elements).
Even if the action is forced, it will wait for the element matching selector to be in the DOM. Defaults to `false`.
-`noWaitAfter`<[boolean]> Actions that initiate navigations are waiting for these navigations to happen and for pages to start loading. You can opt out of waiting via setting this flag. You would only need this option in the exceptional cases such as navigating to inaccessible pages. Defaults to `false`.
-`timeout`<[number]> Maximum time in milliseconds, defaults to 30 seconds, pass `0` to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the [browserContext.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#browsercontextsetdefaulttimeouttimeout) or [page.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#pagesetdefaulttimeouttimeout) methods.
- returns: <[Promise]> Promise which resolves when the element matching `selector` is successfully double clicked. The Promise will be rejected if there is no element matching `selector`.
This method fetches an element with `selector`, scrolls it into view if needed, and then uses [page.mouse](#pagemouse) to double click in the center of the element.
If there's no element matching `selector`, the method waits until a matching element appears in the DOM. If the element is detached during the actionability checks, the action is retried.
-`selector`<[string]> A selector to search for element to use. If there are multiple elements satisfying the selector, the first will be double clicked. See [working with selectors](#working-with-selectors) for more details.
-`timeout`<[number]> Maximum time in milliseconds, defaults to 30 seconds, pass `0` to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the [browserContext.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#browsercontextsetdefaulttimeouttimeout) or [page.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#pagesetdefaulttimeouttimeout) methods.
- returns: <[Promise]>
The snippet below dispatches the `click` event on the element. Regardless of the visibility state of the elment, `click` is dispatched. This is equivalend to calling [`element.click()`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/HTMLElement/click).
Under the hood, it creates an instance of an event based on the given `type`, initializes it with `eventInit` properties and dispatches it on the element. Events are `composed`, `cancelable` and bubble by default.
Since `eventInit` is event-specific, please refer to the events documentation for the lists of initial properties:
- returns: <[Promise]<[Serializable]>> Promise which resolves to the return value of `pageFunction`
If the function passed to the `frame.evaluate` returns a [Promise], then `frame.evaluate` would wait for the promise to resolve and return its value.
If the function passed to the `frame.evaluate` returns a non-[Serializable] value, then `frame.evaluate` resolves to `undefined`. DevTools Protocol also supports transferring some additional values that are not serializable by `JSON`: `-0`, `NaN`, `Infinity`, `-Infinity`, and bigint literals.
- returns: <[Promise]<[JSHandle]>> Promise which resolves to the return value of `pageFunction` as in-page object (JSHandle)
The only difference between `frame.evaluate` and `frame.evaluateHandle` is that `frame.evaluateHandle` returns in-page object (JSHandle).
If the function, passed to the `frame.evaluateHandle`, returns a [Promise], then `frame.evaluateHandle` would wait for the promise to resolve and return its value.
-`noWaitAfter`<[boolean]> Actions that initiate navigations are waiting for these navigations to happen and for pages to start loading. You can opt out of waiting via setting this flag. You would only need this option in the exceptional cases such as navigating to inaccessible pages. Defaults to `false`.
-`timeout`<[number]> Maximum time in milliseconds, defaults to 30 seconds, pass `0` to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the [browserContext.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#browsercontextsetdefaulttimeouttimeout) or [page.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#pagesetdefaulttimeouttimeout) methods.
- returns: <[Promise]> Promise which resolves when the element matching `selector` is successfully filled. The promise will be rejected if there is no element matching `selector`.
This method focuses the element and triggers an `input` event after filling.
If there's no text `<input>`, `<textarea>` or `[contenteditable]` element matching `selector`, the method throws an error.
-`selector`<[string]> A selector of an element to focus. If there are multiple elements satisfying the selector, the first will be focused. See [working with selectors](#working-with-selectors) for more details.
-`timeout`<[number]> Maximum time in milliseconds, defaults to 30 seconds, pass `0` to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the [browserContext.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#browsercontextsetdefaulttimeouttimeout) or [page.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#pagesetdefaulttimeouttimeout) methods.
- returns: <[Promise]> Promise which resolves when the element matching `selector` is successfully focused. The promise will be rejected if there is no element matching `selector`.
-`timeout`<[number]> Maximum navigation time in milliseconds, defaults to 30 seconds, pass `0` to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the [browserContext.setDefaultNavigationTimeout(timeout)](#browsercontextsetdefaultnavigationtimeouttimeout), [browserContext.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#browsercontextsetdefaulttimeouttimeout), [page.setDefaultNavigationTimeout(timeout)](#pagesetdefaultnavigationtimeouttimeout) or [page.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#pagesetdefaulttimeouttimeout) methods.
-`referer`<[string]> Referer header value. If provided it will take preference over the referer header value set by [page.setExtraHTTPHeaders()](#pagesetextrahttpheadersheaders).
- returns: <[Promise]<?[Response]>> Promise which resolves to the main resource response. In case of multiple redirects, the navigation will resolve with the response of the last redirect.
`frame.goto` will not throw an error when any valid HTTP status code is returned by the remote server, including 404 "Not Found" and 500 "Internal Server Error". The status code for such responses can be retrieved by calling [response.status()](#responsestatus).
> **NOTE** `frame.goto` either throws an error or returns a main resource response. The only exceptions are navigation to `about:blank` or navigation to the same URL with a different hash, which would succeed and return `null`.
> **NOTE** Headless mode doesn't support navigation to a PDF document. See the [upstream issue](https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=761295).
-`selector`<[string]> A selector to search for element to hover. If there are multiple elements satisfying the selector, the first will be hovered. See [working with selectors](#working-with-selectors) for more details.
-`position`<[Object]> A point to hover relative to the top-left corner of element padding box. If not specified, hovers over some visible point of the element.
-`modifiers`<[Array]<"Alt"|"Control"|"Meta"|"Shift">> Modifier keys to press. Ensures that only these modifiers are pressed during the hover, and then restores current modifiers back. If not specified, currently pressed modifiers are used.
- displayed: has non-empty bounding box and no `visibility:hidden` (note that elements of zero size or with `display:none` are considered not displayed),
- is not moving (for example, css transition has finished),
- receives pointer events at the action point (for example, element is not covered by other elements).
Even if the action is forced, it will wait for the element matching selector to be in the DOM. Defaults to `false`.
-`timeout`<[number]> Maximum time in milliseconds, defaults to 30 seconds, pass `0` to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the [browserContext.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#browsercontextsetdefaulttimeouttimeout) or [page.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#pagesetdefaulttimeouttimeout) methods.
- returns: <[Promise]> Promise which resolves when the element matching `selector` is successfully hovered. Promise gets rejected if there's no element matching `selector`.
This method fetches an element with `selector`, scrolls it into view if needed, and then uses [page.mouse](#pagemouse) to hover over the center of the element.
If there's no element matching `selector`, the method waits until a matching element appears in the DOM. If the element is detached during the actionability checks, the action is retried.
-`selector`<[string]> A selector of an element to type into. If there are multiple elements satisfying the selector, the first will be used. See [working with selectors](#working-with-selectors) for more details.
-`noWaitAfter`<[boolean]> Actions that initiate navigations are waiting for these navigations to happen and for pages to start loading. You can opt out of waiting via setting this flag. You would only need this option in the exceptional cases such as navigating to inaccessible pages. Defaults to `false`.
-`timeout`<[number]> Maximum time in milliseconds, defaults to 30 seconds, pass `0` to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the [browserContext.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#browsercontextsetdefaulttimeouttimeout) or [page.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#pagesetdefaulttimeouttimeout) methods.
`key` can specify the intended [keyboardEvent.key](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/KeyboardEvent/key) value or a single character to generate the text for. A superset of the `key` values can be found [here](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/KeyboardEvent/key/Key_Values). Examples of the keys are:
Shortcuts such as `key: "Control+o"` or `key: "Control+Shift+T"` are supported as well. When speficied with the modifier, modifier is pressed and being held while the subsequent key is being pressed.
-`values`<[string]|[ElementHandle]|[Array]<[string]>|[Object]|[Array]<[ElementHandle]>|[Array]<[Object]>> Options to select. If the `<select>` has the `multiple` attribute, all matching options are selected, otherwise only the first option matching one of the passed options is selected. String values are equivalent to `{value:'string'}`. Option is considered matching if all specified properties match.
-`noWaitAfter`<[boolean]> Actions that initiate navigations are waiting for these navigations to happen and for pages to start loading. You can opt out of waiting via setting this flag. You would only need this option in the exceptional cases such as navigating to inaccessible pages. Defaults to `false`.
-`timeout`<[number]> Maximum time in milliseconds, defaults to 30 seconds, pass `0` to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the [browserContext.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#browsercontextsetdefaulttimeouttimeout) or [page.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#pagesetdefaulttimeouttimeout) methods.
-`timeout`<[number]> Maximum time in milliseconds for resources to load, defaults to 30 seconds, pass `0` to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the [browserContext.setDefaultNavigationTimeout(timeout)](#browsercontextsetdefaultnavigationtimeouttimeout), [browserContext.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#browsercontextsetdefaulttimeouttimeout), [page.setDefaultNavigationTimeout(timeout)](#pagesetdefaultnavigationtimeouttimeout) or [page.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#pagesetdefaulttimeouttimeout) methods.
-`selector`<[string]> A selector to search for element to click. If there are multiple elements satisfying the selector, the first will be clicked. See [working with selectors](#working-with-selectors) for more details.
-`noWaitAfter`<[boolean]> Actions that initiate navigations are waiting for these navigations to happen and for pages to start loading. You can opt out of waiting via setting this flag. You would only need this option in the exceptional cases such as navigating to inaccessible pages. Defaults to `false`.
-`timeout`<[number]> Maximum time in milliseconds, defaults to 30 seconds, pass `0` to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the [browserContext.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#browsercontextsetdefaulttimeouttimeout) or [page.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#pagesetdefaulttimeouttimeout) methods.
- returns: <[Promise]>
This method expects `selector` to point to an [input element](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input).
Sets the value of the file input to these file paths or files. If some of the `filePaths` are relative paths, then they are resolved relative to the [current working directory](https://nodejs.org/api/process.html#process_process_cwd). For empty array, clears the selected files.
-`selector`<[string]> A selector of an element to type into. If there are multiple elements satisfying the selector, the first will be used. See [working with selectors](#working-with-selectors) for more details.
-`noWaitAfter`<[boolean]> Actions that initiate navigations are waiting for these navigations to happen and for pages to start loading. You can opt out of waiting via setting this flag. You would only need this option in the exceptional cases such as navigating to inaccessible pages. Defaults to `false`.
-`timeout`<[number]> Maximum time in milliseconds, defaults to 30 seconds, pass `0` to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the [browserContext.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#browsercontextsetdefaulttimeouttimeout) or [page.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#pagesetdefaulttimeouttimeout) methods.
Sends a `keydown`, `keypress`/`input`, and `keyup` event for each character in the text. `frame.type` can be used to send fine-grained keyboard events. To fill values in form fields, use [`frame.fill`](#framefillselector-value-options).
-`selector`<[string]> A selector to search for uncheckbox to check. If there are multiple elements satisfying the selector, the first will be checked. See [working with selectors](#working-with-selectors) for more details.
- displayed: has non-empty bounding box and no `visibility:hidden` (note that elements of zero size or with `display:none` are considered not displayed),
- is not moving (for example, css transition has finished),
- receives pointer events at the action point (for example, element is not covered by other elements).
Even if the action is forced, it will wait for the element matching selector to be in the DOM. Defaults to `false`.
-`noWaitAfter`<[boolean]> Actions that initiate navigations are waiting for these navigations to happen and for pages to start loading. You can opt out of waiting via setting this flag. You would only need this option in the exceptional cases such as navigating to inaccessible pages. Defaults to `false`.
-`timeout`<[number]> Maximum time in milliseconds, defaults to 30 seconds, pass `0` to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the [browserContext.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#browsercontextsetdefaulttimeouttimeout) or [page.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#pagesetdefaulttimeouttimeout) methods.
- returns: <[Promise]> Promise which resolves when the element matching `selector` is successfully unchecked. The Promise will be rejected if there is no element matching `selector`.
This method fetches an element with `selector`, if element is not already unchecked, it scrolls it into view if needed, and then uses [frame.click](#frameclickselector-options) to click in the center of the element.
If there's no element matching `selector`, the method waits until a matching element appears in the DOM. If the element is detached during the actionability checks, the action is retried.
-`polling`<[number]|"raf"> If `polling` is `'raf'`, then `pageFunction` is constantly executed in `requestAnimationFrame` callback. If `polling` is a number, then it is treated as an interval in milliseconds at which the function would be executed. Defaults to `raf`.
-`timeout`<[number]> maximum time to wait for in milliseconds. Defaults to `30000` (30 seconds). Pass `0` to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the [browserContext.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#browsercontextsetdefaulttimeouttimeout) or [page.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#pagesetdefaulttimeouttimeout) methods.
- returns: <[Promise]<[JSHandle]>> Promise which resolves when the `pageFunction` returns a truthy value. It resolves to a JSHandle of the truthy value.
-`state`<"load"|"domcontentloaded"|"networkidle"> Load state to wait for, defaults to `load`. If the state has been already reached while loading current document, the method resolves immediately.
-`timeout`<[number]> Maximum waiting time in milliseconds, defaults to 30 seconds, pass `0` to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the [browserContext.setDefaultNavigationTimeout(timeout)](#browsercontextsetdefaultnavigationtimeouttimeout), [browserContext.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#browsercontextsetdefaulttimeouttimeout), [page.setDefaultNavigationTimeout(timeout)](#pagesetdefaultnavigationtimeouttimeout) or [page.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#pagesetdefaulttimeouttimeout) methods.
- returns: <[Promise]> Promise which resolves when the required load state has been reached.
This resolves when the frame reaches a required load state, `load` by default. The navigation must have been committed when this method is called. If current document has already reached the required state, resolves immediately.
-`timeout`<[number]> Maximum navigation time in milliseconds, defaults to 30 seconds, pass `0` to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the [browserContext.setDefaultNavigationTimeout(timeout)](#browsercontextsetdefaultnavigationtimeouttimeout), [browserContext.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#browsercontextsetdefaulttimeouttimeout), [page.setDefaultNavigationTimeout(timeout)](#pagesetdefaultnavigationtimeouttimeout) or [page.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#pagesetdefaulttimeouttimeout) methods.
- returns: <[Promise]<?[Response]>> Promise which resolves to the main resource response. In case of multiple redirects, the navigation will resolve with the response of the last redirect. In case of navigation to a different anchor or navigation due to History API usage, the navigation will resolve with `null`.
-`state`<"attached"|"detached"|"visible"|"hidden"> Defaults to `'visible'`. Can be either:
-`'attached'` - wait for element to be present in DOM.
-`'detached'` - wait for element to not be present in DOM.
-`'visible'` - wait for element to have non-empty bounding box and no `visibility:hidden`. Note that element without any content or with `display:none` has an empty bounding box and is not considered visible.
-`'hidden'` - wait for element to be either detached from DOM, or have an empty bounding box or `visibility:hidden`. This is opposite to the `'visible'` option.
-`timeout`<[number]> Maximum time in milliseconds, defaults to 30 seconds, pass `0` to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the [browserContext.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#browsercontextsetdefaulttimeouttimeout) or [page.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#pagesetdefaulttimeouttimeout) methods.
- returns: <[Promise]<?[ElementHandle]>> Promise which resolves when element specified by selector satisfies `state` option. Resolves to `null` if waiting for `hidden` or `detached`.
Wait for the `selector` to satisfy `state` option (either appear/disappear from dom, or become visible/hidden). If at the moment of calling the method `selector` already satisfies the condition, the method will return immediately. If the selector doesn't satisfy the condition for the `timeout` milliseconds, the function will throw.
Returns a promise that resolves after the timeout.
Note that `frame.waitForTimeout()` should only be used for debugging. Tests using the timer in production are going to be flaky. Use signals such as network events, selectors becoming visible and others instead.
ElementHandle prevents DOM element from garbage collection unless the handle is [disposed](#jshandledispose). ElementHandles are auto-disposed when their origin frame gets navigated.
ElementHandle instances can be used as an argument in [`page.$eval()`](#pageevalselector-pagefunction-arg) and [`page.evaluate()`](#pageevaluatepagefunction-arg) methods.
The method finds an element matching the specified selector in the `ElementHandle`'s subtree. See [Working with selectors](#working-with-selectors) for more details. If no elements match the selector, the return value resolves to `null`.
The method finds all elements matching the specified selector in the `ElementHandle`s subtree. See [Working with selectors](#working-with-selectors) for more details. If no elements match the selector, the return value resolves to `[]`.
The method finds an element matching the specified selector in the `ElementHandle`s subtree and passes it as a first argument to `pageFunction`. See [Working with selectors](#working-with-selectors) for more details. If no elements match the selector, the method throws an error.
The method finds all elements matching the specified selector in the `ElementHandle`'s subtree and passes an array of matched elements as a first argument to `pageFunction`. See [Working with selectors](#working-with-selectors) for more details.
- displayed: has non-empty bounding box and no `visibility:hidden` (note that elements of zero size or with `display:none` are considered not displayed),
- is not moving (for example, css transition has finished),
- receives pointer events at the action point (for example, element is not covered by other elements).
Even if the action is forced, it will wait for the element matching selector to be in the DOM. Defaults to `false`.
-`noWaitAfter`<[boolean]> Actions that initiate navigations are waiting for these navigations to happen and for pages to start loading. You can opt out of waiting via setting this flag. You would only need this option in the exceptional cases such as navigating to inaccessible pages. Defaults to `false`.
-`timeout`<[number]> Maximum time in milliseconds, defaults to 30 seconds, pass `0` to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the [browserContext.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#browsercontextsetdefaulttimeouttimeout) or [page.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#pagesetdefaulttimeouttimeout) methods.
- returns: <[Promise]> Promise which resolves when the element is successfully checked. Promise gets rejected if the operation fails.
If element is not already checked, it scrolls it into view if needed, and then uses [elementHandle.click](#elementhandleclickoptions) to click in the center of the element.
-`position`<[Object]> A point to click relative to the top-left corner of element padding box. If not specified, clicks to some visible point of the element.
-`modifiers`<[Array]<"Alt"|"Control"|"Meta"|"Shift">> Modifier keys to press. Ensures that only these modifiers are pressed during the click, and then restores current modifiers back. If not specified, currently pressed modifiers are used.
- displayed: has non-empty bounding box and no `visibility:hidden` (note that elements of zero size or with `display:none` are considered not displayed),
- is not moving (for example, css transition has finished),
- receives pointer events at the action point (for example, element is not covered by other elements).
Even if the action is forced, it will wait for the element matching selector to be in the DOM. Defaults to `false`.
-`noWaitAfter`<[boolean]> Actions that initiate navigations are waiting for these navigations to happen and for pages to start loading. You can opt out of waiting via setting this flag. You would only need this option in the exceptional cases such as navigating to inaccessible pages. Defaults to `false`.
-`timeout`<[number]> Maximum time in milliseconds, defaults to 30 seconds, pass `0` to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the [browserContext.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#browsercontextsetdefaulttimeouttimeout) or [page.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#pagesetdefaulttimeouttimeout) methods.
-`position`<[Object]> A point to double click relative to the top-left corner of element padding box. If not specified, double clicks to some visible point of the element.
-`modifiers`<[Array]<"Alt"|"Control"|"Meta"|"Shift">> Modifier keys to press. Ensures that only these modifiers are pressed during the double click, and then restores current modifiers back. If not specified, currently pressed modifiers are used.
- displayed: has non-empty bounding box and no `visibility:hidden` (note that elements of zero size or with `display:none` are considered not displayed),
- is not moving (for example, css transition has finished),
- receives pointer events at the action point (for example, element is not covered by other elements).
Even if the action is forced, it will wait for the element matching selector to be in the DOM. Defaults to `false`.
-`noWaitAfter`<[boolean]> Actions that initiate navigations are waiting for these navigations to happen and for pages to start loading. You can opt out of waiting via setting this flag. You would only need this option in the exceptional cases such as navigating to inaccessible pages. Defaults to `false`.
-`timeout`<[number]> Maximum time in milliseconds, defaults to 30 seconds, pass `0` to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the [browserContext.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#browsercontextsetdefaulttimeouttimeout) or [page.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#pagesetdefaulttimeouttimeout) methods.
- returns: <[Promise]> Promise which resolves when the element is successfully double clicked. Promise gets rejected if the element is detached from DOM.
The snippet below dispatches the `click` event on the element. Regardless of the visibility state of the elment, `click` is dispatched. This is equivalend to calling [`element.click()`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/HTMLElement/click).
```js
await elementHandle.dispatchEvent('click');
```
Under the hood, it creates an instance of an event based on the given `type`, initializes it with `eventInit` properties and dispatches it on the element. Events are `composed`, `cancelable` and bubble by default.
Since `eventInit` is event-specific, please refer to the events documentation for the lists of initial properties:
-`noWaitAfter`<[boolean]> Actions that initiate navigations are waiting for these navigations to happen and for pages to start loading. You can opt out of waiting via setting this flag. You would only need this option in the exceptional cases such as navigating to inaccessible pages. Defaults to `false`.
-`timeout`<[number]> Maximum time in milliseconds, defaults to 30 seconds, pass `0` to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the [browserContext.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#browsercontextsetdefaulttimeouttimeout) or [page.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#pagesetdefaulttimeouttimeout) methods.
-`position`<[Object]> A point to hover relative to the top-left corner of element padding box. If not specified, hovers over some visible point of the element.
-`modifiers`<[Array]<"Alt"|"Control"|"Meta"|"Shift">> Modifier keys to press. Ensures that only these modifiers are pressed during the hover, and then restores current modifiers back. If not specified, currently pressed modifiers are used.
- displayed: has non-empty bounding box and no `visibility:hidden` (note that elements of zero size or with `display:none` are considered not displayed),
- is not moving (for example, css transition has finished),
- receives pointer events at the action point (for example, element is not covered by other elements).
Even if the action is forced, it will wait for the element matching selector to be in the DOM. Defaults to `false`.
-`timeout`<[number]> Maximum time in milliseconds, defaults to 30 seconds, pass `0` to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the [browserContext.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#browsercontextsetdefaulttimeouttimeout) or [page.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#pagesetdefaulttimeouttimeout) methods.
-`noWaitAfter`<[boolean]> Actions that initiate navigations are waiting for these navigations to happen and for pages to start loading. You can opt out of waiting via setting this flag. You would only need this option in the exceptional cases such as navigating to inaccessible pages. Defaults to `false`.
-`timeout`<[number]> Maximum time in milliseconds, defaults to 30 seconds, pass `0` to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the [browserContext.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#browsercontextsetdefaulttimeouttimeout) or [page.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#pagesetdefaulttimeouttimeout) methods.
`key` can specify the intended [keyboardEvent.key](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/KeyboardEvent/key) value or a single character to generate the text for. A superset of the `key` values can be found [here](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/KeyboardEvent/key/Key_Values). Examples of the keys are:
If `key` is a single character, it is case-sensitive, so the values `a` and `A` will generate different respective texts.
Shortcuts such as `key: "Control+o"` or `key: "Control+Shift+T"` are supported as well. When speficied with the modifier, modifier is pressed and being held while the subsequent key is being pressed.
-`path`<[string]> The file path to save the image to. The screenshot type will be inferred from file extension. If `path` is a relative path, then it is resolved relative to [current working directory](https://nodejs.org/api/process.html#process_process_cwd). If no path is provided, the image won't be saved to the disk.
-`omitBackground`<[boolean]> Hides default white background and allows capturing screenshots with transparency. Not applicable to `jpeg` images. Defaults to `false`.
This method tries to scroll element into view, unless it is completely visible as defined by [IntersectionObserver](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Intersection_Observer_API)'s ```ratio```.
Throws when ```elementHandle``` does not point to an element [connected](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Node/isConnected) to a Document or a ShadowRoot.
-`values`<[string]|[ElementHandle]|[Array]<[string]>|[Object]|[Array]<[ElementHandle]>|[Array]<[Object]>> Options to select. If the `<select>` has the `multiple` attribute, all matching options are selected, otherwise only the first option matching one of the passed options is selected. String values are equivalent to `{value:'string'}`. Option is considered matching if all specified properties match.
-`noWaitAfter`<[boolean]> Actions that initiate navigations are waiting for these navigations to happen and for pages to start loading. You can opt out of waiting via setting this flag. You would only need this option in the exceptional cases such as navigating to inaccessible pages. Defaults to `false`.
-`timeout`<[number]> Maximum time in milliseconds, defaults to 30 seconds, pass `0` to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the [browserContext.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#browsercontextsetdefaulttimeouttimeout) or [page.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#pagesetdefaulttimeouttimeout) methods.
-`noWaitAfter`<[boolean]> Actions that initiate navigations are waiting for these navigations to happen and for pages to start loading. You can opt out of waiting via setting this flag. You would only need this option in the exceptional cases such as navigating to inaccessible pages. Defaults to `false`.
-`timeout`<[number]> Maximum time in milliseconds, defaults to 30 seconds, pass `0` to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the [browserContext.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#browsercontextsetdefaulttimeouttimeout) or [page.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#pagesetdefaulttimeouttimeout) methods.
Sets the value of the file input to these file paths or files. If some of the `filePaths` are relative paths, then they are resolved relative to the [current working directory](https://nodejs.org/api/process.html#process_process_cwd). For empty array, clears the selected files.
-`noWaitAfter`<[boolean]> Actions that initiate navigations are waiting for these navigations to happen and for pages to start loading. You can opt out of waiting via setting this flag. You would only need this option in the exceptional cases such as navigating to inaccessible pages. Defaults to `false`.
-`timeout`<[number]> Maximum time in milliseconds, defaults to 30 seconds, pass `0` to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the [browserContext.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#browsercontextsetdefaulttimeouttimeout) or [page.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#pagesetdefaulttimeouttimeout) methods.
- displayed: has non-empty bounding box and no `visibility:hidden` (note that elements of zero size or with `display:none` are considered not displayed),
- is not moving (for example, css transition has finished),
- receives pointer events at the action point (for example, element is not covered by other elements).
Even if the action is forced, it will wait for the element matching selector to be in the DOM. Defaults to `false`.
-`noWaitAfter`<[boolean]> Actions that initiate navigations are waiting for these navigations to happen and for pages to start loading. You can opt out of waiting via setting this flag. You would only need this option in the exceptional cases such as navigating to inaccessible pages. Defaults to `false`.
-`timeout`<[number]> Maximum time in milliseconds, defaults to 30 seconds, pass `0` to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the [browserContext.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#browsercontextsetdefaulttimeouttimeout) or [page.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#pagesetdefaulttimeouttimeout) methods.
- returns: <[Promise]> Promise which resolves when the element is successfully unchecked. Promise gets rejected if the operation fails.
If element is not already unchecked, it scrolls it into view if needed, and then uses [elementHandle.click](#elementhandleclickoptions) to click in the center of the element.
JSHandle prevents the referenced JavaScript object being garbage collected unless the handle is [disposed](#jshandledispose). JSHandles are auto-disposed when their origin frame gets navigated or the parent context gets destroyed.
JSHandle instances can be used as an argument in [`page.$eval()`](#pageevalselector-pagefunction-arg), [`page.evaluate()`](#pageevaluatepagefunction-arg) and [`page.evaluateHandle()`](#pageevaluatehandlepagefunction-arg) methods.
If the function passed to the `jsHandle.evaluateHandle` returns a [Promise], then `jsHandle.evaluateHandle` would wait for the promise to resolve and return its value.
> **NOTE** The method will return an empty JSON object if the referenced object is not stringifiable. It will throw an error if the object has circular references.
### class: ConsoleMessage
[ConsoleMessage] objects are dispatched by page via the ['console'](#event-console) event.
[Download] objects are dispatched by page via the ['download'](#event-download) event.
All the downloaded files belonging to the browser context are deleted when the browser context is closed. All downloaded files are deleted when the browser closes.
> **NOTE** Browser context **must** be created with the `acceptDownloads` set to `true` when user needs access to the downloaded content. If `acceptDownloads` is not set or set to `false`, download events are emitted, but the actual download is not performed and user has no access to the downloaded files.
Returns suggested filename for this download. It is typically computed by the browser from the [`Content-Disposition`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Content-Disposition) response header or the `download` attribute. See the spec on [whatwg](https://html.spec.whatwg.org/#downloading-resources). Different browsers can use different logic for computing it.
-`noWaitAfter`<[boolean]> Actions that initiate navigations are waiting for these navigations to happen and for pages to start loading. You can opt out of waiting via setting this flag. You would only need this option in the exceptional cases such as navigating to inaccessible pages. Defaults to `false`.
-`timeout`<[number]> Maximum time in milliseconds, defaults to 30 seconds, pass `0` to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the [browserContext.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#browsercontextsetdefaulttimeouttimeout) or [page.setDefaultTimeout(timeout)](#pagesetdefaulttimeouttimeout) methods.
- returns: <[Promise]>
Sets the value of the file input this chooser is associated with. If some of the `filePaths` are relative paths, then they are resolved relative to the [current working directory](https://nodejs.org/api/process.html#process_process_cwd). For empty array, clears the selected files.
Keyboard provides an api for managing a virtual keyboard. The high level api is [`keyboard.type`](#keyboardtypetext-options), which takes raw characters and generates proper keydown, keypress/input, and keyup events on your page.
For finer control, you can use [`keyboard.down`](#keyboarddownkey), [`keyboard.up`](#keyboardupkey), and [`keyboard.insertText`](#keyboardinserttexttext) to manually fire events as if they were generated from a real keyboard.
`key` can specify the intended [keyboardEvent.key](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/KeyboardEvent/key) value or a single character to generate the text for. A superset of the `key` values can be found [here](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/KeyboardEvent/key/Key_Values). Examples of the keys are:
If `key` is a modifier key, `Shift`, `Meta`, `Control`, or `Alt`, subsequent key presses will be sent with that modifier active. To release the modifier key, use [`keyboard.up`](#keyboardupkey).
After the key is pressed once, subsequent calls to [`keyboard.down`](#keyboarddownkey) will have [repeat](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/KeyboardEvent/repeat) set to true. To release the key, use [`keyboard.up`](#keyboardupkey).
`key` can specify the intended [keyboardEvent.key](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/KeyboardEvent/key) value or a single character to generate the text for. A superset of the `key` values can be found [here](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/KeyboardEvent/key/Key_Values). Examples of the keys are:
Shortcuts such as `key: "Control+o"` or `key: "Control+Shift+T"` are supported as well. When speficied with the modifier, modifier is pressed and being held while the subsequent key is being pressed.
-`button`<"left"|"right"|"middle"> Defaults to `left`.
-`clickCount`<[number]> defaults to 1. See [UIEvent.detail].
-`delay`<[number]> Time to wait between `mousedown` and `mouseup` in milliseconds. Defaults to 0.
- returns: <[Promise]>
Shortcut for [`mouse.move`](#mousemovex-y-options), [`mouse.down`](#mousedownoptions) and [`mouse.up`](#mouseupoptions).
#### mouse.dblclick(x, y[, options])
-`x`<[number]>
-`y`<[number]>
-`options`<[Object]>
-`button`<"left"|"right"|"middle"> Defaults to `left`.
-`delay`<[number]> Time to wait between `mousedown` and `mouseup` in milliseconds. Defaults to 0.
- returns: <[Promise]>
Shortcut for [`mouse.move`](#mousemovex-y-options), [`mouse.down`](#mousedownoptions), [`mouse.up`](#mouseupoptions), [`mouse.down`](#mousedownoptions) and [`mouse.up`](#mouseupoptions).
If request fails at some point, then instead of `'requestfinished'` event (and possibly instead of 'response' event), the [`'requestfailed'`](#event-requestfailed) event is emitted.
> **NOTE** HTTP Error responses, such as 404 or 503, are still successful responses from HTTP standpoint, so request will complete with `'requestfinished'` event.
If request gets a 'redirect' response, the request is successfully finished with the 'requestfinished' event, and a new request is issued to a redirected url.
When the server responds with a redirect, Playwright creates a new [Request] object. The two requests are connected by `redirectedFrom()` and `redirectedTo()` methods. When multiple server redirects has happened, it is possible to construct the whole redirect chain by repeatedly calling `redirectedFrom()`.
Contains the request's resource type as it was perceived by the rendering engine.
ResourceType will be one of the following: `document`, `stylesheet`, `image`, `media`, `font`, `script`, `texttrack`, `xhr`, `fetch`, `eventsource`, `websocket`, `manifest`, `other`.
-`name`<[string]> Name that is used in selectors as a prefix, e.g. `{name: 'foo'}` enables `foo=myselectorbody` selectors. May only contain `[a-zA-Z0-9_]` characters.
-`script`<[function]|[string]|[Object]> Script that evaluates to a selector engine instance.
-`path`<[string]> Path to the JavaScript file. If `path` is a relative path, then it is resolved relative to [current working directory](https://nodejs.org/api/process.html#process_process_cwd).
-`contentScript`<[boolean]> Whether to run this selector engine in isolated JavaScript environment. This environment has access to the same DOM, but not any JavaScript objects from the frame's scripts. Defaults to `false`. Note that running as a content script is not guaranteed when this engine is used together with other registered engines.
Whenever a network route is set up with [page.route(url, handler)](#pagerouteurl-handler) or [browserContext.route(url, handler)](#browsercontextrouteurl-handler), the `Route` object allows to handle the route.
-`'blockedbyclient'` - The client chose to block the request.
-`'blockedbyresponse'` - The request failed because the response was delivered along with requirements which are not met ('X-Frame-Options' and 'Content-Security-Policy' ancestor checks, for instance).
-`'connectionaborted'` - A connection timed out as a result of not receiving an ACK for data sent.
-`'connectionclosed'` - A connection was closed (corresponding to a TCP FIN).
-`'connectionfailed'` - A connection attempt failed.
-`'connectionrefused'` - A connection attempt was refused.
-`'connectionreset'` - A connection was reset (corresponding to a TCP RST).
-`'internetdisconnected'` - The Internet connection has been lost.
-`'namenotresolved'` - The host name could not be resolved.
-`path`<[string]> Optional file path to respond with. The content type will be inferred from file extension. If `path` is a relative path, then it is resolved relative to [current working directory](https://nodejs.org/api/process.html#process_process_cwd).
- returns: <[Promise]>
Fulfills route's request with given response.
An example of fulfilling all requests with 404 responses:
TimeoutError is emitted whenever certain operations are terminated due to timeout, e.g. [page.waitForSelector(selector[, options])](#pagewaitforselectorselector-options) or [browserType.launch([options])](#browsertypelaunchoptions).
The Accessibility class provides methods for inspecting Chromium's accessibility tree. The accessibility tree is used by assistive technology such as [screen readers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screen_reader) or [switches](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switch_access).
Blink - Chromium's rendering engine - has a concept of "accessibility tree", which is then translated into different platform-specific APIs. Accessibility namespace gives users
Most of the accessibility tree gets filtered out when converting from Blink AX Tree to Platform-specific AX-Tree or by assistive technologies themselves. By default, Playwright tries to approximate this filtering, exposing only the "interesting" nodes of the tree.
- returns: <[Promise]<[Serializable]>> Promise which resolves to the return value of `pageFunction`
If the function passed to the `worker.evaluate` returns a [Promise], then `worker.evaluate` would wait for the promise to resolve and return its value.
If the function passed to the `worker.evaluate` returns a non-[Serializable] value, then `worker.evaluate` resolves to `undefined`. DevTools Protocol also supports transferring some additional values that are not serializable by `JSON`: `-0`, `NaN`, `Infinity`, `-Infinity`, and bigint literals.
- returns: <[Promise]<[JSHandle]>> Promise which resolves to the return value of `pageFunction` as in-page object (JSHandle)
The only difference between `worker.evaluate` and `worker.evaluateHandle` is that `worker.evaluateHandle` returns in-page object (JSHandle).
If the function passed to the `worker.evaluateHandle` returns a [Promise], then `worker.evaluateHandle` would wait for the promise to resolve and return its value.
Browser websocket endpoint which can be used as an argument to [browserType.connect(options)](#browsertypeconnectoptions) to establish connection to the browser.
-`wsEndpoint`<[string]> A browser websocket endpoint to connect to. **required**
-`slowMo`<[number]> Slows down Playwright operations by the specified amount of milliseconds. Useful so that you can see what is going on. Defaults to 0.
-`headless`<[boolean]> Whether to run browser in headless mode. More details for [Chromium](https://developers.google.com/web/updates/2017/04/headless-chrome) and [Firefox](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Mozilla/Firefox/Headless_mode). Defaults to `true` unless the `devtools` option is `true`.
-`executablePath`<[string]> Path to a browser executable to run instead of the bundled one. If `executablePath` is a relative path, then it is resolved relative to [current working directory](https://nodejs.org/api/process.html#process_process_cwd). Note that Playwright only works with the bundled Chromium, Firefox or WebKit, use at your own risk.
-`args`<[Array]<[string]>> Additional arguments to pass to the browser instance. The list of Chromium flags can be found [here](http://peter.sh/experiments/chromium-command-line-switches/).
-`ignoreDefaultArgs`<[boolean]|[Array]<[string]>> If `true`, Playwright does not pass its own configurations args and only uses the ones from `args`. If an array is given, then filters out the given default arguments. Dangerous option; use with care. Defaults to `false`.
-`timeout`<[number]> Maximum time in milliseconds to wait for the browser instance to start. Defaults to `30000` (30 seconds). Pass `0` to disable timeout.
-`devtools`<[boolean]> **Chromium-only** Whether to auto-open a Developer Tools panel for each tab. If this option is `true`, the `headless` option will be set `false`.
- returns: <[Promise]<[Browser]>> Promise which resolves to browser instance.
You can use `ignoreDefaultArgs` to filter out `--mute-audio` from default arguments:
```js
const browser = await chromium.launch({ // Or 'firefox' or 'webkit'.
ignoreDefaultArgs: ['--mute-audio']
});
```
> **Chromium-only** Playwright can also be used to control the Chrome browser, but it works best with the version of Chromium it is bundled with. There is no guarantee it will work with any other version. Use `executablePath` option with extreme caution.
>
> If Google Chrome (rather than Chromium) is preferred, a [Chrome Canary](https://www.google.com/chrome/browser/canary.html) or [Dev Channel](https://www.chromium.org/getting-involved/dev-channel) build is suggested.
>
> In [browserType.launch([options])](#browsertypelaunchoptions) above, any mention of Chromium also applies to Chrome.
>
> See [`this article`](https://www.howtogeek.com/202825/what%E2%80%99s-the-difference-between-chromium-and-chrome/) for a description of the differences between Chromium and Chrome. [`This article`](https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/lkgr/docs/chromium_browser_vs_google_chrome.md) describes some differences for Linux users.
-`userDataDir`<[string]> Path to a User Data Directory, which stores browser session data like cookies and local storage. More details for [Chromium](https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/master/docs/user_data_dir.md) and [Firefox](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Mozilla/Command_Line_Options#User_Profile).
-`headless`<[boolean]> Whether to run browser in headless mode. More details for [Chromium](https://developers.google.com/web/updates/2017/04/headless-chrome) and [Firefox](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Mozilla/Firefox/Headless_mode). Defaults to `true` unless the `devtools` option is `true`.
-`executablePath`<[string]> Path to a browser executable to run instead of the bundled one. If `executablePath` is a relative path, then it is resolved relative to [current working directory](https://nodejs.org/api/process.html#process_process_cwd). **BEWARE**: Playwright is only guaranteed to work with the bundled Chromium, Firefox or WebKit, use at your own risk.
-`args`<[Array]<[string]>> Additional arguments to pass to the browser instance. The list of Chromium flags can be found [here](http://peter.sh/experiments/chromium-command-line-switches/).
-`ignoreDefaultArgs`<[boolean]|[Array]<[string]>> If `true`, then do not use any of the default arguments. If an array is given, then filter out the given default arguments. Dangerous option; use with care. Defaults to `false`.
-`timeout`<[number]> Maximum time in milliseconds to wait for the browser instance to start. Defaults to `30000` (30 seconds). Pass `0` to disable timeout.
-`devtools`<[boolean]> **Chromium-only** Whether to auto-open a Developer Tools panel for each tab. If this option is `true`, the `headless` option will be set `false`.
-`slowMo`<[number]> Slows down Playwright operations by the specified amount of milliseconds. Useful so that you can see what is going on. Defaults to 0.
-`headless`<[boolean]> Whether to run browser in headless mode. More details for [Chromium](https://developers.google.com/web/updates/2017/04/headless-chrome) and [Firefox](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Mozilla/Firefox/Headless_mode). Defaults to `true` unless the `devtools` option is `true`.
-`port`<[number]> Port to use for the web socket. Defaults to 0 that picks any available port.
-`executablePath`<[string]> Path to a browser executable to run instead of the bundled one. If `executablePath` is a relative path, then it is resolved relative to [current working directory](https://nodejs.org/api/process.html#process_process_cwd). **BEWARE**: Playwright is only guaranteed to work with the bundled Chromium, Firefox or WebKit, use at your own risk.
-`args`<[Array]<[string]>> Additional arguments to pass to the browser instance. The list of Chromium flags can be found [here](http://peter.sh/experiments/chromium-command-line-switches/).
-`ignoreDefaultArgs`<[boolean]|[Array]<[string]>> If `true`, then do not use any of the default arguments. If an array is given, then filter out the given default arguments. Dangerous option; use with care. Defaults to `false`.
-`timeout`<[number]> Maximum time in milliseconds to wait for the browser instance to start. Defaults to `30000` (30 seconds). Pass `0` to disable timeout.
-`devtools`<[boolean]> **Chromium-only** Whether to auto-open a Developer Tools panel for each tab. If this option is `true`, the `headless` option will be set `false`.
- returns: <[Promise]<[BrowserServer]>> Promise which resolves to the browser app instance.
Launches browser server that client can connect to. An example of launching a browser executable and connecting to it later:
```js
const { chromium } = require('playwright'); // Or 'webkit' or 'firefox'.
Chromium-specific features including Tracing, service worker support, etc.
You can use [`chromiumBrowser.startTracing`](#chromiumbrowserstarttracingpage-options) and [`chromiumBrowser.stopTracing`](#chromiumbrowserstoptracing) to create a trace file which can be opened in Chrome DevTools or [timeline viewer](https://chromedevtools.github.io/timeline-viewer/).
-`resetOnNavigation`<[boolean]> Whether to reset coverage on every navigation. Defaults to `true`.
-`reportAnonymousScripts`<[boolean]> Whether anonymous scripts generated by the page should be reported. Defaults to `false`.
- returns: <[Promise]> Promise that resolves when coverage is started
> **NOTE** Anonymous scripts are ones that don't have an associated url. These are scripts that are dynamically created on the page using `eval` or `new Function`. If `reportAnonymousScripts` is set to `true`, anonymous scripts will have `__playwright_evaluation_script__` as their URL.
#### chromiumCoverage.stopCSSCoverage()
- returns: <[Promise]<[Array]<[Object]>>> Promise that resolves to the array of coverage reports for all stylesheets
Playwright looks for certain [environment variables](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environment_variable) to aid its operations.
If Playwright doesn't find them in the environment, a lowercased variant of these variables will be used from the [npm config](https://docs.npmjs.com/cli/config).
-`PLAYWRIGHT_DOWNLOAD_HOST` - overwrite URL prefix that is used to download browsers. Note: this includes protocol and might even include path prefix. By default, Playwright uses `https://storage.googleapis.com` to download Chromium and `https://playwright.azureedge.net` to download Webkit & Firefox.
-`PLAYWRIGHT_BROWSERS_PATH` - specify a shared folder that playwright will use to download browsers and to look for browsers when launching browser instances.
Selector describes an element in the page. It can be used to obtain `ElementHandle` (see [page.$()](#pageselector) for example) or shortcut element operations to avoid intermediate handle (see [page.click()](#pageclickselector-options) for example).
Selector has the following format: `engine=body [>> engine=body]*`. Here `engine` is one of the supported [selector engines](selectors.md) (e.g. `css` or `xpath`), and `body` is a selector body in the format of the particular engine. When multiple `engine=body` clauses are present (separated by `>>`), next one is queried relative to the previous one's result.
The following is code for getting a handle to the [background page](https://developer.chrome.com/extensions/background_pages) of an extension whose source is located in `./my-extension`:
